“…(BP) (Bian et al, 2020), convolutional neural network (CNN) (Imani, 2021;Zhang et al, 2021), artificial neural network (ANN) (Xiao et al, 2022;Sa'ad et al, 2022;Aly, 2020), LSTM networks (Bouktif et al, 2018;Kong et al, 2019;Yu et al, 2019;Memarzadeh and Keynia, 2021;Peng et al, 2022;Zhaorui Meng and Xie, 2022), support vector machine (SVM) (Xia et al, 2018;Mayur Barman, 2020), extreme learning machine (ELM) (Chen et al, 2020;Jeddi and Sharifian, 2020;Sahu et al, 2021;Krishna Rayi et al, 2022), and deep belief network (DBN) (Gao et al, 2022;Hong et al, 2022). Using only a neural network for load forecasting faces several limitations since it cannot fully utilize historical data for learning and generalization.…”