Spurennachweis und quantitative Bestimmung von grenzfl�chenaktiven Poly�thylenoxidverbindungen und von Poly�thylenglykolen

Bürger, K.

doi:10.1007/bf00638662

Cited by 40 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Partially hydrogenated soybean phosphatidylcholine (PHPC, iodine value of 35) and cholesterol were obtained from Lipoid (Ludwigshafen, Germany) and Croda (Fullerton, CA), respectively. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) on silica gel GF plates (Analtech, Newark, DE) was visualized with iodine vapor, Dragendorff- (36) and phenol-sulfuric acid spray reagents, and UV light for detection of lipid, PEG, saccharide, and UV-absorbing ligands. NMR spectra was recorded on a 360 MHz Nicolet instrument at Acorn NMR (Fremont, Ca).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Poly(ethylene glycol)-Grafted Liposomes with Oligopeptide or Oligosaccharide Ligands Appended to the Termini of the Polymer Chains

et al. 1997

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Novel conjugates tailor-made for inclusion in liposomal formulations, containing distearoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DSPE) as a lipid anchor, heterobifunctional polyethylene glycol (PEG) with a molecular weight of 2000 as a linking moiety, and a biological cell adhesive ligand [YIGSR peptide or Sialyl Lewis(X) oligosaccharide (SLX)], were synthesized. They were characterized by NMR, chromatography, and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOFMS). Inclusion of either of the ligand-PEG-lipid conjugates (2 mol %) in a lecithin/cholesterol/ methoxy-PEG2000-DSPE (55:40:3 mole ratio) lipid mixture followed by preparation of unilamellar vesicles (100 nm) resulted in positioning of 55% of the YIGSR and 63% of the SLX ligands on the periphery of the outer surface-grafted polymeric "brush", as determined by a combination of specific enzymatic alterations of each ligand and HPLC. Similar densities of ligand-bearing PEG chains were incorporated into liposomes by simply incubating (37 degrees C, 5 h) either one of the ligand-PEG-lipid conjugates with preformed lipid vesicles. This conjugate insertion process was aggregation free. Using enzymatic derivatization-HPLC, it was demonstrated that all the ligands incorporated into lipid membranes by this new approach were positioned exclusively on the outer leaflet of the liposomal bilayers. Since liposomes of this type are intended for in vivo use as long-circulating, ligand-presenting platforms, the insertion approach is preferable because of the more efficient utilization of ligand-PEG-lipid conjugates.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Poly(ethylene glycol)-Grafted Liposomes with Oligopeptide or Oligosaccharide Ligands Appended to the Termini of the Polymer Chains

et al. 1997

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“…The amorphous zinc insulin precipitated in the first series of tests was removed by centrifugation. The Genapol PF-10 content was determined by the method of Btirger [6]. Reagent solution (4 ml) was added to the 4-ml portions of supernatant or control solution and the mixtures were kept for 15 min at room temperature.…”

Section: Interaction Test Between Genapol Pf-i O and Insulinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stabilisation of dissolved proteins against denaturation at hydrophobie interfaces

Thurow¹,

Geisen²

1984

Diabetologia

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Studies with insulin delivery devices have shown that denaturation of dissolved proteins at hydrophobic interfaces is a basic obstacle to long-term insulin stability in pumps. This study shows that polypropylene glycol/polyethylene glycol block polymers prevent both the adsorption of dissolved proteins to hydrophobic interfaces and the resultant aggregation. At a concentration of 0.001% (w/v), the block polymer Genapol PF-IO stabilises insulin solutions over a wide range of concentrations. Insulin solutions thus stabilised are at present being clinically tested. The effectiveness of molecular variants of Genapol PF-10 to stabilise other proteins (human ?'-globulin, myoglobin and serum albumin) is presented also.

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“…In the literature a series of reagents is quoted which are used for the testing of PEG in ointments, lotions, pills and other pharmaceutical products [2,3]. However, the straightforward testing of PEG in wood with these reagents is impeded by the colour of the wood, especially archaeological wood, which is often more or less black.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Rapid Method for the Detection of Polyethylene Glycols (PEG) in Wood

Hoffmann¹

1983

Studies in Conservation

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JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org.Abstract-Polyethylene glycols (PEG) can be detected in wood by their in situ formation of coloured complex compounds. Solutions of potassium bismuth iodide/barium chloride and of bromine/potassium iodide are suitable for spraying directly onto wood, and may even be used on dark-coloured wood by mixing chalk powder into the reagent. By adopting a print-off technique onto damp filter paper, the distribution of PEG in wood can be demonstrated even more exactly, even from very small samples. Print-offs are developed into differentiated coloured pictures with solutions of potassium bismuth iodide/barium chloride, iodine/potassium iodide or ammonium cobalt (II) thiocyanate.

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Spurennachweis und quantitative Bestimmung von grenzfl�chenaktiven Poly�thylenoxidverbindungen und von Poly�thylenglykolen

Cited by 40 publications

References 1 publication

Poly(ethylene glycol)-Grafted Liposomes with Oligopeptide or Oligosaccharide Ligands Appended to the Termini of the Polymer Chains

Poly(ethylene glycol)-Grafted Liposomes with Oligopeptide or Oligosaccharide Ligands Appended to the Termini of the Polymer Chains

Stabilisation of dissolved proteins against denaturation at hydrophobie interfaces

A Rapid Method for the Detection of Polyethylene Glycols (PEG) in Wood

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