Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Sigmoid Colon Presenting With Severe Hypercalcemia

Ngo, Nina; Edriss, Hawa; Figueroa, José A.; Nugent, Kenneth

doi:10.1016/j.clcc.2014.06.006

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…These observations might explain the differing morphologies and staining found in our case. Other studies have suggested that inflammatory diseases may cause squamous metaplasia, from which carcinoma then develops [14].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is not sufficient literature addressing ideal adjuvant therapy after resection of mixed NEC and SCC of the colon. The preferred approach in patients with a localized tumor or a tumor spread to regional lymph nodes is surgical resection [14]. It is suggested that advanced GI-NEC patients be considered for chemotherapy treatment without delay [15].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Mixed neuroendocrine and squamous cell carcinoma of the colon: A case report and literature review

Elkbuli

Dowd

McKenney

et al. 2019

International Journal of Surgery Case Reports

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mixed neuroendocrine and squamous cell carcinoma of the colon: A case report and literature review

Elkbuli

Dowd

McKenney

et al. 2019

International Journal of Surgery Case Reports

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“…Humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy accounts for approximately 80 % of hypercalcemia in cancer patients [6,26] and is commonly encountered in squamous cell carcinomas (head, lung and neck, esophageal, cervical, and colon cancers), breast, kidney, blad-der, endometrial and ovarian cancers, and rarely in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors [6,[27][28][29][30][31]. Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphomas have also been reported to led to PTHrP-related hypercalcemia of malignancy, albeit rarely [32,33].…”

Section: Etiology and Pathophysiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosis, Pathophysiology and Management of Hypercalcemia in Malignancy: A Review of the Literature

et al. 2019

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Hypercalcemia of malignancy is the most common life-threatening metabolic disorder in patients with advanced stage cancers and is a sign of poor prognosis. It usually presents with markedly elevated calcium level and is severely symptomatic. It is associated with hematological malignancies, such as multiple myeloma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, leukemias and solid cancers, particularly renal and breast carcinomas as well as squamous cell carcinomas of any organ. Several mechanisms have been implicated in the development of hypercalcemia of malignancy amongst them the osteolytic related hypercalcemia, parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP) mediated hypercalcemia, extrarenal 1,25 dixydroxyvitamin D (calcitriol) mediated hypercalcemia and parathyroid hormone (PTH) related hypercalcemia either ectopic in origin or in patients with parathyroid carcinoma. Clinical history and and physical examination could point towards the correct diagnosis confirmed by the above-mentioned biochemical mediators of hypercalcemia. Early diagnosis and treatment lowering calcium levels in the blood can improve symptoms and the quality of life of these patients and avoid delays for further antitumor therapy.

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“…3,4 Local osteolytic bone lesions are generally believed to be the main reason for hypercalcemia in patients with MM, and humoral hypercalcemia predominantly occurs in patients with squamous cell, renal cell, or ovarian cancer. [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] Nevertheless, little is known about the proportion of hypercalcemia caused by HHM or local osteolysis in MM. Indeed, literature on the association between hypercalcemia and bone metabolism in patients with MM is lacking.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…HCM occurs as the result of humoral mechanisms, such as parathyroid hormone‐related protein (PTHrP)‐ or 1,25‐dihydroxy vitamin D (1,25(OH)2D)‐mediated pathways and direct bone metastasis 3,4 . Local osteolytic bone lesions are generally believed to be the main reason for hypercalcemia in patients with MM, and humoral hypercalcemia predominantly occurs in patients with squamous cell, renal cell, or ovarian cancer 5–13 . Nevertheless, little is known about the proportion of hypercalcemia caused by HHM or local osteolysis in MM.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypercalcemia caused by humoral effects and bone damage indicate poor outcomes in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients

Wang

et al. 2020

Cancer Medicine

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Background Hypercalcemia of malignancy (HCM) is a serious metabolic complication, and the highest rates are in multiple myeloma (MM). The cause of hypercalcemia in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM) remains unknown. We sought to evaluate the prognostic impact and mechanism of hypercalcemia in patients with symptomatic NDMM. Methods We studied all consecutive MM patients who were initially diagnosed and followed up at Beijing Jishuitan Hospital between February 2013 and December 2019; 357 patients were included in the retrospective analysis. Results A total of 16.8% of MM patients presented with hypercalcemia at the time of MM diagnosis. The presence of hypercalcemia was associated with higher serum levels of β2 microglobulin, creatinine, phosphorus, uric acid, procollagen I N‐terminal peptide, β‐carboxy‐terminal cross‐linking telopeptide of type I collagen and osteocalcin, lower serum levels of hemoglobin, parathyroid hormone (PTH), and advanced ISS and R‐ISS stages. Multivariate analysis showed that serum PTH, hemoglobin, creatinine, and uric acid levels were the main factors affecting hypercalcemia. The presence of hypercalcemia was associated with significantly inferior survival (40 months vs 57 months, p < 0.05) based on univariate analysis, and it remained an independent poor prognostic factor (HR: 1.854, 95% CI: 1.006‐3.415, adjusted p = 0.048) in a multivariate model that included age and R‐ISS stage. Conclusion This study shows that hypercalcemia is associated with poor survival and is caused by manifold factors with humoral effects and local bone destruction.

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Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Sigmoid Colon Presenting With Severe Hypercalcemia

Cited by 13 publications

References 16 publications

Mixed neuroendocrine and squamous cell carcinoma of the colon: A case report and literature review

Mixed neuroendocrine and squamous cell carcinoma of the colon: A case report and literature review

Diagnosis, Pathophysiology and Management of Hypercalcemia in Malignancy: A Review of the Literature

Hypercalcemia caused by humoral effects and bone damage indicate poor outcomes in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients

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