Squamous Cell Carcinoma Variants of the Upper Aerodigestive Tract: A Comprehensive Review With a Focus on Genetic Alterations

Shah, Akeesha A.; Jeffus, Susanne K.; Stelow, Edward B.

doi:10.5858/arpa.2013-0070-ra

Cited by 21 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 192 publications

(258 reference statements)

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“…The present esophageal tumor exhibited not only nested growth of SCC, but also frequent, loosely arranged acantholysis-like areas, which occasionally contained necrotic cells and lacked columnar cells and neoplastic tubules. These features closely mimicked acantholytic SCC, which is an uncommon but distinctive variant of SCC with dyskeratosis-associated acantholytic changes (3,(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18). However, in the present acantholysis-like areas, the discohesive cancer cells exhibited alcian blue+ and/or PAS+ mucin, and were strongly positive for EMA and CEA.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

“…When the adenocarcinomatous features occupy considerable amounts of the esophageal SCC, tumors are classified as either adenosquamous carcinoma or mucoepidermoid carcinoma (1,2,(7)(8)(9)(10)(11). Adenocarcinomatous differentiation in SCC should be distinguished from acantholytic SCC (also called pseudoglandular or adenoid SCC) (12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19). Here was encountered a unique autopsy case of esophageal adenosquamous carcinoma mimicking acantholytic SCC, and herein is describe the clinicopathological findings of this case.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Esophageal adenosquamous carcinoma mimicking acantholytic squamous cell carcinoma

et al. 2017

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Herein is described a unique case of esophageal cancer mimicking acantholytic squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). The patient succumbed to the disease within one month of diagnosis. Autopsy revealed a 10-cm esophageal tumor, characterized by prominent acantholysis-like areas composed of discohesive cancer cells, along with nested growth of SCC. These discohesive cancer cells focally exhibited pagetoid extension into adjacent esophageal epithelium, comprised ~60% of the esophageal tumor volume and had widely metastasized to the lungs, chest wall, liver, spleen, right adrenal gland, bones and lymph nodes. No metastases of SCC were observed. SCC cells were immunohistochemically positive for keratin 5/6 and E-cadherin and were negative for mucin and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). However, the discohesive cancer cells exhibited negativity for keratin 5/6, positivity for mucin and CEA, and diminished or no immunostaining for E-cadherin. Thus, these discohesive cells represented true adenocarcinomatous differentiation rather than acantholytic SCC cells. It was concluded that this tumor was an esophageal adenosquamous carcinoma with 'pseudo'-acantholytic adenocarcinoma components, which should be considered as a rare but distinctive type of aggressive cancer.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Esophageal adenosquamous carcinoma mimicking acantholytic squamous cell carcinoma

et al. 2017

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“…Sinonasal tract involvement by NUT carcinoma is much less common than mediastinal disease, but most head and neck cases affect the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses (65%), with a median presentation in the 20 s, showing a slight female predominance. [67][68][69][70][71][72][73] There is no known etiologic association. Patients present with a rapidlygrowing, extensively destructive mass, often with orbital involvement, and lymph node metastases in about 50% of patients.…”

Section: Nut Carcinoma (Squamous Cell Carcinoma)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Small round blue cell tumors of the sinonasal tract: a differential diagnosis approach

Thompson

2017

Modern Pathology

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One of the most challenging diagnostic categories within tumors of the sinonasal tract is the small round blue cell tumors. Biopsies are usually small and limited, resulting in considerable diagnostic difficulty for practicing surgical pathologists. These tumors share several overlapping histologic and immunophenotypic findings while also showing considerable variation within and between cases. Specific tumor site of origin, imaging findings, and clinical findings must be combined with the histology and pertinent ancillary studies if the correct diagnosis is to be reached. Discrimination between neoplasms is critical as there are significant differences in therapy and overall outcome. It is important to have a well developed differential diagnosis for this category of tumors, where each of the diagnoses is considered, evaluated, and either confirmed or excluded from further consideration. In an undifferentiated tumor, showing a small round blue cell morphology, using the mnemonic 'MR SLEEP' helps to highlight tumors to consider: melanoma, mesenchymal chondrosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma (including NUT carcinoma), small cell osteosarcoma, lymphoma, esthesioneuroblastoma (olfactory neuroblastoma), Ewing sarcoma/primitive neuroectodermal tumor, pituitary adenoma, and plasmacytoma. A panel of pertinent immunohistochemistry studies, histochemistries and/or molecular tests should aid in reaching a diagnosis, especially when taking the pattern and intensity of reactions into consideration.

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“…Discussion NMC is a rare, poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma variant that was first characterized in the early 1990s [1]. Initially regarded as a pediatric tumor, cases have now been identified in patients across a broad range of ages with males and females equally affected [1][2][3]. The most common locations include the mediastinum or thymus and the head and neck.…”

Section: Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

NUT Midline Carcinoma of the Nasal Cavity

Edgar

Caruso

Kim

et al. 2016

Head and Neck Pathol

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Nuclear protein in testis (NUT) midline carcinoma (NMC) is a rare, aggressive, poorly differentiated form of squamous cell carcinoma caused by a chromosomal rearrangement of the NUT gene on chromosome 15. These tumors have a predilection for midline and paramidline structures of the upper aerodigestive tract and mediastinum and can affect patients across a broad age range, including children. In the current example, a 53 year old male presented with a mass originating in the left nasal cavity. The clinical, radiographic, and morphologic features of NMC are discussed.Keywords NUT midline carcinoma Á Undifferentiated carcinoma Á Nasal Á Nasal cavity Á Sinonasal Á Nuclear protein of testis Á Radiology HistoryA 53 year old male presented with a 9 month history of left nasal congestion, rhinorrhea, and sinus tenderness. The patient also noted recurrent epistaxis lasting longer than 30 min 6 months prior to presentation. Additionally, patient reported recent onset of left facial numbness in the V 2 distribution of the trigeminal nerve. He denied fevers and weight loss, but did note drenching night sweats. Radiographic FeaturesSinus CT examination revealed a soft tissue mass which completely obstructed the left nasal cavity. Coronal views delineated osseous expansion with erosion and destruction of the nasal septum and medial wall of the left maxillary sinus (Fig. 1a). There was opacification of left ethmoid air cells and the left maxillary sinus. Corresponding MR images demonstrated an 8.4 9 3.3 9 2.3 cm mass centered in the left nasal cavity (Fig. 1b). The mass was heterogeneously enhancing on postcontrast T1-weighted images and displayed predominantly isointense signaling with T2-weighted studies. The mass measured 8.4 cm in anterior-posterior dimension, including a pedunculated component that extended past the choana into the nasopharynx (Fig. 2). No intracranial extension or erosion into the orbits or cribriform was present. Brain and neck MRI evaluation revealed no evidence of brain metastasis or cervical lymphadenopathy. TreatmentFollowing an incisional biopsy, the patient underwent functional endoscopic sinus surgery including a left maxillary antrostomy, total ethmoidectomy, sphenoidotomy,

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Squamous Cell Carcinoma Variants of the Upper Aerodigestive Tract: A Comprehensive Review With a Focus on Genetic Alterations

Cited by 21 publications

References 192 publications

Esophageal adenosquamous carcinoma mimicking acantholytic squamous cell carcinoma

Esophageal adenosquamous carcinoma mimicking acantholytic squamous cell carcinoma

Small round blue cell tumors of the sinonasal tract: a differential diagnosis approach

NUT Midline Carcinoma of the Nasal Cavity

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