Squamous cell carcinoma versus malignant proliferating trichilemmal tumor: A histopathological dilemma with review of literature

Agarwal, Charu; Pujani, Mukta; Raychaudhuri, Sujata; Arora, S. K.; Rana, Deepshikha; Chauhan, Varsha

doi:10.4103/ijd.ijd_229_17

Cited by 13 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Interestingly, in human medicine, variants of tumors arising from squamous epithelium or resembling SCC have been described in the skull. They include adenosquamous carcinoma and benign and malignant proliferating trichilemmal tumors in addition to SCC [7,13,28,29]. Their differentiation is based on careful microscopic analysis and is sometimes also supported by immunohistochemistry [28].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Aggressive squamous cell carcinoma of the cranium of a dog

Łojszczyk-Szczepaniak

Łopuszyński

Szadkowski

et al. 2021

BMC Vet Res

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Background The authors report a case of keratinized squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in a 14-year-old dog with extensive cranial bone invasion. To our knowledge, this is the first description of such a case of cranial keratinized SCC with aggressive generalized osteolysis described in a dog. Case presentation The 14-year-old dog was referred for radiological examination with suspicion of head trauma with clinical signs of head deformation, exophthalmos and nasal discharge. The skull radiographs showed a large osteolytic defect of the frontal bone and parietal bone in the region of the external sagittal crest. Findings from the skull CT scan included generalized osteolysis in the region of parietal bone, frontal bones, maxilla on the right side and the nasal bone including the dorsal nasal concha. In the area of bone loss, new soft tissue formation with multifocal foci of mineralization was visible. The ultrasound examination revealed hypoechogenic changes with hyperechoic foci consistent with mineralization and poor vascularization. The brain and ocular structures were without visible changes. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) was performed, and squamous cell carcinoma was suspected. After 3 months, the re-presented to the clinic. The dog became progressively listless, his appetite was decreased, and he became acutely blind. Follow-up skull CT scan revealed significant osteolysis, which affected a significant aspect of the cranium. All bone defects had been replaced by new 3.5 cm-thick soft tissue formations with multifocal small 1–2 mm areas of mineralization. There was no evidence of metastasis. Histological examination confirmed the suspicion of squamous cell carcinoma. Conclusions This paper is the first report of cranial SCC in a dog causing extensive bone osteolysis. The lesions in this dog originated from the frontal and parietal bones including frontal sinuses. There are variants of tumors that arise from squamous epithelium or resemble SCC in the skull. These examples include adenosquamous carcinoma and proliferating trichilemmal tumours. In addition, there is possible malignant transformation caused by papilloma viruses. In the veterinary literature, there is only one similar description of adenosquamous carcinoma in a cat with similar clinical manifestations. It is justified to suspect a process of neoplastic epithelial origin in all cases of aggressive and extensive skull bone lysis. This issue should be subject to further investigation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They include adenosquamous carcinoma and benign and malignant proliferating trichilemmal tumors in addition to SCC [7,13,28,29]. Their differentiation is based on careful microscopic analysis and is sometimes also supported by immunohistochemistry [28].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aggressive squamous cell carcinoma of the cranium of a dog

Łojszczyk-Szczepaniak

Łopuszyński

Szadkowski

et al. 2021

BMC Vet Res

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“…Additionally, the absence of an overlying precursor epidermal lesion (e.g. an actinic keratosis) favors a diagnosis of MPTT over squamous cell carcinoma in situ [ 7 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…IHC has been proposed to be of utility in distinguishing MPTTs and squamous cell carcinomas [ 7 ]. However, based on our literature review, we suggest IHC be of limited value, as no IHC marker is consistently and specifically expressed to be reliably used in diagnosing MPTT (Table 1 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In particular, staining with CD34 has been touted as a diagnostic technique to distinguish MPTT from squamous cell carcinoma, with some investigators contending that MPTTs tend to be positive for CD34 while squamous cell carcinomas tend to be negative [ 7 ]. However, of the nine cases of MPTT stained with CD34, four (including our present case) were CD34 negative and one had less than 1% CD34 expression [ 11 , 13 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Malignant Proliferating Trichilemmal Tumor: A Subtle Presentation in an African American Woman and Review of Immunohistochemical Markers for This Rare Condition

Joshi

Marchand²,

Tschen

2021

Cureus

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A malignant proliferating trichilemmal tumor (MPTT) is thought to represent the malignant counterpart of a benign proliferating trichilemmal cyst, a keratin-filled lesion that derives from the outer hair root sheath. The clinical appearance of MPTTs does not always correlate with their histopathologic behavior, emphasizing the need for biopsy and histopathological analysis. Here, we present a 46-year-old African American woman who was evaluated for an ostensibly benign cyst on her scalp that was diagnosed as an MPTT following histopathological examination. She was treated with simple surgical resection that was flush with the cyst margins, followed by Mohs surgery to ensure complete resection. As immunohistochemistry (IHC) has often been used to characterize MPTTs, we also review the various IHC markers reported in the literature.

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Cas no 6 : tumeurs épithéliales cutanées

Battistella

2020

Annales de Pathologie

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Squamous cell carcinoma versus malignant proliferating trichilemmal tumor: A histopathological dilemma with review of literature

Cited by 13 publications

References 5 publications

Aggressive squamous cell carcinoma of the cranium of a dog

Aggressive squamous cell carcinoma of the cranium of a dog

Malignant Proliferating Trichilemmal Tumor: A Subtle Presentation in an African American Woman and Review of Immunohistochemical Markers for This Rare Condition

Cas no 6 : tumeurs épithéliales cutanées

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