Squamous cell carcinomas of the lower lip

Hjortdal, Olav; Naess, Arne; Berner, Aasmund

doi:10.1016/s1010-5182(05)80252-5

Cited by 19 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…This threshold is arbitrarily followed by most practitioners around the globe in the decision‐making process. As compared to SCC of other subsites of the oral cavity, lesions of the lip are diagnosed early and those without metastatic involvement of regional lymph nodes have a good prognosis when treated either by surgery or irradiation, but when lymph node metastasis develops, the determinate survival rate drops to approximately 30% to 70% , . This clarifies the importance of addressing the issue of occult metastasis in SCC of the lip.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Primary cN0 lip squamous cell carcinoma and elective neck dissection: Systematic review and meta-analysis

Bhandari

Wang

et al. 2014

Head Neck

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Primary cN0 lip squamous cell carcinoma and elective neck dissection: Systematic review and meta-analysis

Bhandari

Wang

et al. 2014

Head Neck

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“…The typical vermilion carcinoma is a crusted, oozing, non tender, indurated ulceration that is usually less than 1cm in its greatest diameter. The tumor is characterized by a slow growth rate and metastasis is a late event 61,62 .…”

Section: Clinical Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral Cancer - An Overview

Radhakrishnan¹,

Shrestha²,

Bajracharya³

2012

Oral Cancer

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Neoplasms of diverse cellular origin arise in the oral cavity and among these oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) arising from the mucosa of the oral cavity constitutes to over 90% 1, 2. Oral cancer encompasses all the malignancies originating in the oral tissues, including cancers of the lip, tongue, gingiva, floor of the mouth, buccal mucosa, palate and the retromolar trigone. It is the 6 th most common cancer worldwide 3. Oral squamous cell carcinoma is described as an invasive epithelial neoplasm with varying degrees of squamous differentiation and a propensity to early and extensive lymph node metastases, occurring predominantly in alcohol and tobacco using adults generally in the 5 th and 6 th decades of life. Globally about 5, 00,000 new cases of oral and oropharyngeal cancers are diagnosed and three quarters of these are from the developing world 7, 8, 9. Approximately 3, 89,650 cases occurred in the year 2000 out of which 2, 66,672 were in the oral cavity (ICD-9 140-5) and 1, 22,978 for the cancer of oropharynx (ICD-9 146, 8-9). This represented about 5% of all cancers for men and 2% for women 10. Oral and oropharyngeal cancers remain one of the more common cancers in the South and South East Asian countries, as opposed to Western society, where it accounts for only about 1-4% of the of reported cancers incidence 4. For example, the incidence of oral cancer in India is high, constituting about 12% of all cancer in men and 8% in women 5 ; mortality rate is equally high in this population, ranking number one in men and number three in women 6. Oral and oropharyngeal cancers therefore qualify as major public health problem, not only in India, but also globally. Worldwide, oral cancer incidence rates appear to have been stabilizing over the last decade 12 , but the greater frequency of oral cancer in certain regions and among specific populations is a cause for concern since their overall 5-year survival rate is 53% and it has not changed in the last two decades 13. With this heightened awareness, research to further investigate the detection, diagnosis and prevention or oral cancer has recently been included as one of the targeted priorities supported by the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDR) in the United States 14. The overall 5-year survival rate for patients without clinically evident cervical lymph node metastases is 85%. However, patients with microscopic lymph node metastases have a survival rate of 54%. It has been estimated that 20-50% of patients without clinically evident cervical lymph node metastases do in fact have microscopic metastases and therefore poorer www.intechopen.com Oral Cancer 48 prognosis 87. Among the Indian population, the overall 5-year observed and relative survival rates were 30.5% and 39.7%, respectively. Survival steadily declined with advancing age and advanced clinical stages. 5-year observed survival was 59.1% for localized cancer, 15.7% for cancers with regional extension and 1.6% for those with distant metastasis. Those with tongue, buccal mu...

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“…Among the cases of lip cancer, the literature has reported that 90% to 95% of the cases affect the lower lip and squamous cell carcinoma is the most frequent type 2,11,13,16,17,24,25 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carcinoma espinocelular do lábio: avaliação de fatores prognósticos

Abreu

Pimentel

Silva

et al. 2004

Rev. Bras. Otorrinolaringol.

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Dentre os cânceres do lábio de 90% a 95% dos casos afetam o lábio inferior, sendo o carcinoma espinocelular o mais freqüente. A classificação TNM sintetiza as características clínicas do tumor, permitindo realizar um prognóstico e possibilitando comparações dos resultados. Relaciona três parâmetros: tamanho do tumor (T), propagação aos gânglios linfáticos regionais (N) e metástases à distância (M), mas estabelece padrões a partir de 2cm. Para o carcinoma espinocelular do lábio lesões com 2cm são extremamente grandes. OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste estudo é verificar a relação entre as características epidemiológicas, clínicas, evolutivas e histopatológicas do carcinoma espinocelular do lábio tendo como parâmetro lesões de tamanhos a partir de 0,5cm. CASUÍSTICA E MÉTODO: Foi elaborado um estudo retrospectivo transversal em pacientes com carcinoma espinocelular do lábio, no período 1993-2000, em São Paulo, Brasil. Estudou-se prontuários, laudos originais dos exames histopatológicos e lâminas de tumores de pacientes com carcinoma espinocelular do lábio. Os tumores foram classificados de 0.5 em 0.5cm, sendo verificado o tipo, o grau de diferenciação histológica, a presença de desmoplasia, as invasões muscular, neural e vascular, e o tipo de infiltrado inflamatório. RESULTADOS: A análise estatística mostrou que metástases e recidivas não dependem da cor de pele ou do sexo dos pacientes e que há independência entre a localização do tumor, no lábio superior ou inferior, e a incidência de metástases e recidiva. Houve correlação entre o tamanho da lesão a partir de 0,5cm e a ocorrência de metástases e recidiva. Verificou-se que o tamanho da lesão determina a invasão em outros tecidos. O infiltrado inflamatório verificado em todas as lesões era linfoplasmocitário e, em algumas, associado com eosinófilos sem relação com o tamanho do tumor. CONCLUSÃO: Tumores menores que 2cm podem apresentar comportamentos evolutivos distintos, sob o ponto de vista clínico e histopatológico. O tipo mais prevalente de lesão é o ulcerativo e o que mais metastatiza e recidiva é o úlcero-vegetante. Os tipos úlcero-vegetante e vegetante estão ligados a lesões de maior tamanho. O tamanho do tumor se relaciona, de forma semelhante, com os graus II e III, nos quais ocorrem os maiores índices de metástases e recidivas. O tumor invade em ordem decrescente de freqüência músculos, nervos e vasos sanguíneos, e esta pode ser prevista pelo tamanho da lesão. É necessária a invasão dos músculos para a ocorrência de metástases, sendo que os vasos sanguíneos somente podem estar implicados quando há invasão concomitante dos nervos. A desmoplasia está diretamente relacionada ao tamanho da lesão e à ocorrência de metástases.

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Squamous cell carcinomas of the lower lip

Cited by 19 publications

References 8 publications

Primary cN0 lip squamous cell carcinoma and elective neck dissection: Systematic review and meta-analysis

Primary cN0 lip squamous cell carcinoma and elective neck dissection: Systematic review and meta-analysis

Oral Cancer - An Overview

Carcinoma espinocelular do lábio: avaliação de fatores prognósticos

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