Squamous-Cell Epithelioma of the Lip

Broders, Albert C.

doi:10.1001/jama.1920.02620100016007

Cited by 457 publications

(75 citation statements)

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Section: Tumor Gradingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6 These criteria were applied to a series of renal tumors by Hand and Broders in 1932. 7 In this study four grades were defined based on the criteria of Broders (1920), with tumors divided according to the percentage of the tumors showing cellular differentiation. Four grades were defined ranging from grade 1-75% to almost 100% differentiation, to grade 4-0 to 25% differentiation, and tumors studied included renal neuroblastoma, lymphosarcoma, and renal pelvic squamous-cell carcinoma, as well as clear cell RCC and papillary RCC.…”

Section: Tumor Gradingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Advances and controversies in grading and staging of renal cell carcinoma

2009

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Despite the considerable progress made in our understanding of the pathogenesis, genetics, and pathology of renal cell carcinoma (RCC), difficulties remain relating to the prediction of clinical outcome for individual cases. Although there is evidence to show that high-grade tumors have a poorer prognosis when compared to those of low grade, debate remains regarding the predictive value of grading, especially for those tumors classified into the intermediate grades. Numerous composite morphologic and nuclear grading systems have been proposed for RCC and although that of the Fuhrman classification have achieved widespread usage, the validity of the grading criteria of this classification has been questioned. In addition, there are few studies that have attempted to validate the Fuhrman system for RCCs beyond that of the clear cell subtype. Recent studies have indicated that grading of papillary RCC should be based on nucleolar prominence alone and that the components of the Fuhrman grading classification do not provide prognostic information for chromophobe RCC. Independent of tumor grade, the prognostic importance of tumor stage for RCC is well recognized. The Union Internationale Contre le Cancer/American Joint Committee for Cancer Staging and End Results Reporting TNM staging system is now in its sixth edition (2002) and recent refinements have focused on defining size cut points that will identify apparently localized tumors that will develop recurrence and/or metastases despite attempted curative surgery. In parallel with these studies it has been shown that infiltration of the renal sinus is an important prognostic factor, being observed in almost all tumors 47 cm in diameter. Questions remain as to the appropriate stratification of regional extension of RCC, as defined in the T3 tumor-staging category. Recent modifications to this category have been suggested combining the level of infiltration of the venous outflow tract with the presence or absence of infiltration of the adrenal gland and/or perirenal fat. Similarly, the utility of classifying lymph node involvement by tumor is debated, although it is well recognized that lymph node infiltration is associated with a poor prognosis. Although the current TNM classification does provide useful prognostic information it would appear that further modifications are justified to enhance the predictive value of staging for RCC.

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Section: Tumor Gradingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Tumor Gradingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances and controversies in grading and staging of renal cell carcinoma

2009

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“…2 It was not until 1920, however, that Broders, in his seminal study of 537 squamous cell carcinomas of the lip, devised a scheme that stratified malignant neoplasms based upon the degree of differentiation. 3 In the last three-quarters of the 20th century, over 40 histologic grading systems for prostatic carcinoma have been proposed (reviewed in Humphrey 4 ). These systems have typically utilized differentiation capacity, architectural growth patterns, mitotic activity, and nuclear abnormalities in generation of a histological grade assignment.…”

Section: Grading Of Prostatic Carcinomamentioning

confidence: 99%

Gleason grading and prognostic factors in carcinoma of the prostate

2004

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“…Grading is a method of categorizing soft-tissue sarcomas into groups that range from low to high risk of metastasis, and is based on a number of cytomorphologic features including, but not limited to, cellularity, necrosis, vascular invasion, nuclear atypia, presence of malignant giant cells, tumor differentiation, pleomorphism, histotype, presence and nature of matrix, and mitotic activity [45]. The use of grading systems for soft-tissue sarcoma followed from the initial work of Broders on squamous carcinoma of the lip [46], and a subsequent report on fibrosarcoma [47]. While appearing logical in approach, the numbers of grading systems attest to the lack of consensus as to which features should be included into a grading system, as well as a recognition that there are a number of confounding factors that may influence the accuracy of all grading systems, including: patient selection bias, incomplete clinicopathologic information, the influence of variable and uncontrolled treatment within groups, uneven representation of histotypes, sampling errors, variation in preparation of specimens, and statistical methodology.…”

Section: Histologic Gradementioning

confidence: 99%