Square Wave‐Anodic Stripping Voltammetric Determination of Copper at a Bismuth Film/Glassy Carbon Electrode Using 3‐[(2‐Mercapto‐Vinyl)‐Hydrazono]‐ 1,3‐Dihydro‐Indol‐2‐One

Abstract

This study reports a highly sensitive electrochemical sensor based on Bi film modified glassy carbon electrode (BiF/GCE) for total determination and speciation trace concentrations of copper(II) ions in environmental water samples. Square wave‐adsorptive anodic stripping voltammetric (SW‐ASV) experiment was performed for monitoring selective accumulation of copper(II) with reagent 3‐[(2‐mercapto‐vinyl)‐hydrazono]‐1,3‐dihydro‐indol‐2‐one (MHDI) at pH 9–10. The mechanism of the electrode reaction of Cu2+‐MHDI complex was safely assigned. The sensor exhibited a wide linear range (3.22×10−9–2.0×10−7 mol L−1) with lower limits of detection (LOD) and quantitation (LOQ) of 9.6×1−10 and 3.22×10−9 mol L−1, respectively (R2=0.9993). The proposed sensor exhibited interference from active metal ions e. g. Cd, Hg. The performance of the proposed method was compared successfully with most of the reported methods and comparable efficiencies were obtained. The analytical utility of the proposed SW‐ASV method has been successfully validated for trace analysis of copper(II) in environmental water samples. The method offers a precise, accurate approach with good reproducibility, robustness, ruggedness, and cost effectiveness.

Recent advances in the modification of electrodes for trace metal analysis: a review

“…Bismuth film electrodes (BiFEs) are among the most employed electrodes in the determination of trace heavy metals. 25,40,50,83,181,197,233,235,[245][246][247][248][249][250][251][252][253][254][255][256][257][258][259][260] In addition to its low toxicity and the ability to form alloys with other metals, bismuth has a wide potential range, which allows BiFEs to have comparable analytical performance to the mercury electrodes in trace heavy metal analysis. 7,243,244 The film can be electrochemically deposited directly on the electrode surface from the solution containing both the modifier and the analytes (in situ preparation) or through film deposition before the electrode is introduced in the sample solution (ex situ preparation).…”

“…In the studies published in the last five years, bismuth was almost always in situ electrodeposited on the electrode surface, with only a few exceptions. 197,248 Trace heavy metal analysis has been performed either with just BiFEs 247,248,252,253,[255][256][257]260 or with electrodes modified with a Bi-film combined with other materials and/or compounds, including with different NMs, 25,50,83,181,256 Nafion and GO, 40,83,233,235,250 as well as doping of the Bi-films with boron or indium. 245,259 Various other metals, including Sb, [261][262][263][264] Cu, [265][266][267] Au, 268 Pb, 269 and Hg, 260 have also been electrodeposited on different types of electrodes.…”

A ratiometric fluorescence sensor based on gold silver nanoclusters and tungsten disulfide quantum dots with simple fabrication for the detection of copper ions in river water

“…1 Therefore, it is very important to develop an accurate and sensitive analytical method for the monitoring of copper in real water samples. Over the past few decades, a variety of methods have been developed for detecting the concentration of Cu 2+ ions, including inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP/MS), 2 atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), 3 electrochemical method, 4,5 and fluorescence analysis. To the best of our knowledge, nano-clusters (NCs), 6,7 especially gold nano-clusters (AuNCs), as a typical inorganic fluorescence agent, have been widely used to detect Cu 2+ ions.…”

Determinação voltamétrica de bismuto em sistema aquoso bifásico e elaboração de um eletrodo de filme de bismuto a partir de fonte secundária : uma proposta de sustentabilidade

“…Os movimentos eram realizados em forma de "oito" por cerca de 5 minutos. Para eliminação da alumina aderida à superfície do eletrodo, o mesmo foi submetido a agitação ultrassônica em água por 5 minutos e em etanol por mais 5 minutos [128].…”

“…Este eletrodo é produzido no Instituto de Química da Unesp de Araraquara e comercializado via Fundação de Apoio a Ciência Tecnologia e Educação (FACTE) [128].…”