“…The reported techniques include: nano-ZrO 2 modification of a carbon paste electrode (Parham and Rahbar, 2010), fabrication of ZrO 2 /Au nano-composite films on alumina substrates , electrodeposition of molecularly imprinted porous silicate (Tan et al, 2010) or of gold-sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate nanoparticles onto a glassy carbon electrode (Li and al., 2011a), tetrasulfonated phtalocyanine electrodeposition combined with Nafion coating of carbon fibres (Sbaï et al, 2007), etc. ZrO 2 nanoparticles in particular, used as a selective sorbents for solid-phase extraction, demonstrate excellent performance in OP pesticides detection, because of their affinity toward the phosphate group on OP pesticide molecule (Parham and Rahbar, 2010;Wang and Li, 2008). The developed electrochemical methods are applied for OP pesticides determination in pears (Li and al., 2011;Tan et al, 2010), and in water samples (Parham and Rahbar, 2010).…”