Squirrel Monkeys

Williams, Larry E.; Brady, Alan G.; Abee, Christian R.

doi:10.1002/9781444318777.ch37

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 103 publications

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“…Squirrel monkeys are flexible omnivores, with diets including insects, fruits, flowers, eggs, and even small vertebrates (Janson and Boinski, 1992). In captivity, their small size and ease of handling have contributed to their status as the most commonly studied platyrrhine in American biomedical research (Williams et al, 2010). Despite this, their intrageneric taxonomy has been contentious, undergoing frequent revision in recent decades (e.g., Hershkovitz, 1984;Thorington, 1985;VandeBerg et al, 1990;Costello et al, 1993;Silva et al, 1993;Boinski and Cropp, 1999;Lavergne et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Pleistocene diversification of living squirrel monkeys (Saimiri spp.) inferred from complete mitochondrial genome sequences

Chiou

Pozzi

Alfaro

et al. 2011

Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution

110

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Pleistocene diversification of living squirrel monkeys (Saimiri spp.) inferred from complete mitochondrial genome sequences

Chiou

Pozzi

Alfaro

et al. 2011

Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution

110

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“…In the wild, seasonal breeding patterns have been suggested to be influenced by environmental factors, such as day‐length, temperature, rainfall, and food abundance (Baldwin, ; Jack et al, ; Trevino, ). Like their wild counterparts, the squirrel monkeys and rhesus macaques included in this study also showed seasonal breeding patterns (Wiebe, Williams, Abee, Yeoman, & Diamond, ; Williams, Brady, & Abee, ). The owl monkeys in the colony did not show seasonal breeding patterns, unlike what has been reported for at least one wild population (Fernandez‐Duque, ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…Specifically, we analyzed the birth rates from breeding colonies of squirrel monkeys ( Saimiri species, N = 2,090 live births), owl monkeys ( Aotus species, N = 479 live births), and rhesus macaques ( M. mulatta , N = 2,047 births) housed in a laboratory setting. While the seasonal breeding patterns of wild and captive Saimiri sp., Aotus sp., and M. mulatta have been documented (Fernandez‐Duque, ; Jack et al, ; Kubisch, Falkenstein, Deroche, & Franke, ; Silk, Short, Roberts, & Kusnitz, ; Williams, Brady, Gibson, & Abee, ), less is known about fluctuations in the timing of births in response to environmental stressors (e.g., Rudran & Fernandez‐Duque, ) and the potential impact of staff activity on the birthing patterns of captive Saimiri sp., Aotus sp., and M. mulatta has not previously been explored.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Testing the weekend effect hypothesis: Time of day and lunar phase better predict the timing of births in laboratory‐housed primates than day of week

Hopper

Fernández-Duque

Williams

2019

American J Primatol

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The weekend effect hypothesis proposes that captive primates are more likely to give birth during times of low disturbance and reduced staff activity. The hypothesis specifically predicts that laboratory-housed primates will be more likely to give birth during the weekend than weekdays when staff activity is reduced. To date, support for the weekend effect hypothesis has been mixed and based on studies with relatively few subjects. To further examine the hypothesis, we analyzed the birthing patterns of three genera of laboratory-housed primates: squirrel monkeys (Saimiri species, N = 2,090 births), owl monkeys (Aotus species, N = 479 births), and rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta, N = 2,047 births). Contrary to predictions derived from the weekend effect hypothesis, the frequencies of births during weekends for all taxa were not significantly different from rates that would be expected by chance.However, while there was no variance across days of the week, all three taxa gave birth at nighttime, when staff was absent. This parallels reports of births in wild and captive monkeys, both diurnal and nocturnal, which are more likely to give birth during the night; plausibly a time when the environmental and social disturbance is lowest and the mother is safest to bond with her newborn infant. As all births occurred at night, we also explored the relationship between the lunar cycle and the timing of births timing. While the diurnal primates (i.e., Saimiri and Macaca) were no more likely to give birth on "bright" nights than "dark" nights, owl monkeys (Aotus) had a much higher frequency of births on bright nights than darker ones, and at rates that deviated from chance. Our data provide a more detailed understanding on how the environment may influence captive monkey births but do not support the oftcited weekend effect hypothesis. K E Y W O R D Sbirth, lunar cycle, new world monkey, parturition; old world monkey, weekend effect

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“…Squirrel monkeys ( Saimiri species) serve as a longstanding biomedical model in a wide range of human health‐related research including cardiovascular diseases, vaccine development, central nervous system impairment, metabolic issues, and behavioral pharmacology (Abee, ; Barrett, ; Boinski & Cropp, ; Middleton, Rosal, Clarkson, Newman, & McGill, ; Schätzl, Costa, Taylor, Cohen, & Prusiner, ; Strickland & Clarkson, ; Williams, Brady, & Abee, ). Though nursery rearing is not common practice, it has been implemented in several captive squirrel monkey breeding and research facilities since the 1970s (Hennessey, ; Kaplan, ; King & King, ; Roy, ), and is still utilized if necessary for research protocols and in the event of poor maternal behavior.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rearing condition may alter neonatal development of captive Bolivian squirrel monkeys (Saimiri boliviensis boliviensis)

Mulholland

Williams

Abee

2020

Developmental Psychobiology

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Nursery rearing has well-known consequences for primate species. Relative to some other primate species, research has indicated a reduced impact of nursery rearing on squirrel monkeys, particularly in terms of rates, severity, and persistence of abnormal behavior. We administered the Primate Neonatal Neurobehavioral Assessment to 29 dam-reared and 13 nursery-reared squirrel monkeys (Saimiri boliviensis boliviensis) at 2 and 6 weeks of age. Mixed-model ANOVAs comparing composite scores and individual assessment items across age, rearing status, and sex revealed a number of developmental differences. Dam-reared infants scored higher on all four composite measures compared to nursery-reared infants (p < .05) indicating that nursery-reared animals had slower motor development, were less active and attentive, and were more passive than their dam-reared counterparts. Consistent with infant rhesus macaques, nursery-reared squirrel monkeys showed an increased sensitivity to tactile stimulation (p < .05). Altogether, these results suggest a disruption of species-typical development when squirrel monkey infants are reared in a nursery setting, with activity, orientation, and state control areas most affected, though experimental research is needed to determine if this is a causal relationship. Contrary to previous behavioral research, there are likely developmental differences between dam-reared infant squirrel monkeys and those reared in a nursery setting.

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Squirrel Monkeys

Cited by 7 publications

References 103 publications

Pleistocene diversification of living squirrel monkeys (Saimiri spp.) inferred from complete mitochondrial genome sequences

Pleistocene diversification of living squirrel monkeys (Saimiri spp.) inferred from complete mitochondrial genome sequences

Testing the weekend effect hypothesis: Time of day and lunar phase better predict the timing of births in laboratory‐housed primates than day of week

Rearing condition may alter neonatal development of captive Bolivian squirrel monkeys (Saimiri boliviensis boliviensis)

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