“…Metallic material inevitably come into contact with corrosive media in the environment during service and are susceptible to corrosion or aging, which can cause structural and performance damage (Jeong et al , 2017; Lin et al , 2021a, 2021b; Choi et al , 2019; Calabrese et al , 2019; Andre et al , 2019). To mitigate the damage caused by corrosion, various methods have been developed to protect metal materials, such as alloying, electrochemical protection and corrosion inhibitors (Fu and Cui, 2022; Liu et al , 2020; Liduino et al , 2021; Ma et al , 2020; Obot et al , 2019; Cui et al , 2019). While these methods can work well for conservation, they also have some shortcomings.…”