Sri Lanka Malaria Maps

Briët, Olivier J. T.; Dissanayake, Gunawardena; Hoek, Wim van der; Amerasinghe, Felix P.

doi:10.1186/1475-2875-2-22

Cited by 30 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Among the remaining districts Anuradhapura and Kurunegala reported the highest number of cases for this period having 13,218 and 11,863 cases in 2000, respectively [ 7 ]. The high malaria transmission period for both districts is January and July, and the intensity of transmission may vary depending on the rainfall and other factors [ 8 ]. Samples were collected from May to August 2007 to include the second peak in July.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pre-elimination stage of malaria in Sri Lanka: assessing the level of hidden parasites in the population

Rajakaruna

Alifrangis

Amerasinghe

et al. 2010

Malar J

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BackgroundWith the dramatic drop in the transmission of malaria in Sri Lanka in recent years, the country entered the malaria pre-elimination stage in 2008. Assessing the community prevalence of hidden malaria parasites following several years of extremely low transmission is central to the process of complete elimination. The existence of a parasite reservoir in a population free from clinical manifestations, would influence the strategy for surveillance and control towards complete elimination.MethodsThe prevalence of hidden parasite reservoirs in two historically malaria endemic districts, Anuradhapura and Kurunegala, previously considered as high malaria transmission areas in Sri Lanka, where peaks of transmission follow the rainy seasons was assessed. Blood samples of non-febrile individuals aged five to 55 years were collected from randomly selected areas in the two districts at community level and a questionnaire was used to collect demographic information and movement of the participants. A simple, highly sensitive nested PCR was carried out to detect both Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax, simultaneously.ResultsIn total, 3,023 individuals from 101 villages participated from both districts comprising mostly adults between the ages 19-55 years. Out of these, only about 1.4% of them (n = 19) could recall having had malaria during the past five years. Analysis of a subset of samples (n = 1322) from the two districts using PCR showed that none of the participants had hidden parasites.DiscussionA reservoir of hidden parasites is unlikely to be a major concern or a barrier to the ongoing malaria elimination efforts in Sri Lanka. However, as very low numbers of indigenous cases are still recorded, an island-wide assessment and in particular, continued alertness and follow up action are still needed. The findings of this study indicate that any future assessments should be based on an adaptive sampling approach, involving prompt sampling of all subjects within a specified radius, whenever a malaria case is identified in a given focus.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pre-elimination stage of malaria in Sri Lanka: assessing the level of hidden parasites in the population

Rajakaruna

Alifrangis

Amerasinghe

et al. 2010

Malar J

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“…3). Those elements have been identified as related to malaria (Betsi et al, 2003;Briet et al, 2003;Koudou et al, 2005;De Silva and Marshall, 2012).…”

Section: Housing Materials and Qualitymentioning

confidence: 97%

The key role of socio-demographic and socio-environmental factors in urban malaria occurrence and control – An illustration using the city of Yaoundé

Ngom¹,

Siegmund²

2015

Social Science & Medicine

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“…Being in a tropical climatic region, the climatic variables for both the cities show small daily variations and hence the choice of arithmetic mean for calculating the monthly averages is appropriate and easy to apply. Also, none of the data are measured in logarithmic scale, or are highly skewed, or show high variations, hence geometric mean is not considered here [ 39 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Theoretical investigation of malaria prevalence in two Indian cities using the response surface method

Roy

Sarkar

Sinha

2011

Malar J

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BackgroundElucidation of the relationships between malaria incidence and climatic and non-climatic factors in a region is of utmost importance in understanding the causative factors of disease spread and design of control strategies. Very often malaria prevalence data is restricted to short time scales (months to few years). This demands application of rigorous statistical modelling techniques for analysis and prediction. The monthly malaria prevalence data for three to five years from two cities in southern India, situated in two different climatic zones, are studied to capture their dependence on climatic factors.MethodsThe statistical technique of response surface method (RSM) is applied for the first time to study any epidemiological data. A new step-by-step model reduction technique is proposed to refine the initial model obtained from RSM. This provides a simpler structure and gives better fit. This combined approach is applied to two types of epidemiological data (Slide Positivity Rates values and Total Malaria cases), for two cities in India with varying strengths of disease prevalence and environmental conditions.ResultsThe study on these data sets reveals that RSM can be used successfully to elucidate the important environmental factors influencing the transmission of the disease by analysing short epidemiological time series. The proposed approach has high predictive ability over relatively long time horizons.ConclusionsThis method promises to provide reliable forecast of malaria incidence across varying environmental conditions, which may help in designing useful control programmes for malaria.

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Sri Lanka Malaria Maps

Abstract: Background: Despite a relatively good national case reporting system in Sri Lanka, detailed maps of malaria distribution have not been publicly available.

Cited by 30 publications

References 10 publications

Pre-elimination stage of malaria in Sri Lanka: assessing the level of hidden parasites in the population

Pre-elimination stage of malaria in Sri Lanka: assessing the level of hidden parasites in the population

The key role of socio-demographic and socio-environmental factors in urban malaria occurrence and control – An illustration using the city of Yaoundé

Theoretical investigation of malaria prevalence in two Indian cities using the response surface method

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