Stabilisation of Pd(0) on surface functionalised Fe3O4 nanoparticles: magnetically recoverable and stable recyclable catalyst for hydrogenation and Suzuki–Miyaura reactions

Abstract

We describe here a methodology to immobilise/stabilise metallic Pd on surface-functionalised ferrite nanoparticles leading to a magnetically separable catalyst, which exhibits efficient catalytic activity in various hydrogenation and ligand-free Suzuki-Miyaura reactions. Importantly, the use of highly branched polyethylenimine to entrap Pd nanoparticles on the surface of Fe 3 O 4 results in structurally stable catalytic sites, which makes them recyclable without any loss in activity.

Magnetic polymer nanocomposite-supported Pd: an efficient and reusable catalyst for the Heck and Suzuki reactions in water

“…The catalyst also exhibited high activity toward various aryl bromides (entries [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. Excellent yields were obtained for aryl bromides bearing electron-withdrawing substituents (entries [10][11][12][13][14].…”

“…[13][14][15] The polymermodified magnetic nanoparticle-supported palladium catalysts have been prepared to simplify the separation steps while maintaining high activity and selectivity of palladium. [16][17][18][19] So far, in most of the studies concerning the applications of Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticle-supported catalysts, organic solvents, or mixed solvents containing DMF and NMP, are used as the reaction media. Du and co-workers 18 prepared a nanosized catalyst (Fe 3 O 4 /SiO 2 /HPG-OPPh 2 -PNP) by modifying Fe 3 O 4 /SiO 2 nanoparticles with glycerol and chlorodiphenyl phosphine.…”

Polymer supported palladium nanocrystals as efficient and recyclable catalyst for the reduction of nitroarenes to anilines under mild conditions in water

“…Numerous protocols for the reduction of aromatic nitro compounds have been reported in the literature [2][3][4][5][6][7]. They include: 1) hydrogenation under H 2 at various pressures promoted by various catalysts [8], such as Pt/C [9], Rh 3 Ni 1 [10], Pd/C [11][12][13], Pd [14,15] and Rh [16] nanoparticles; 2) catalytic reduction in the presence of CO and H 2 O [17] and photocatalytic hydrogenation [18]; 3) catalytic transfer hydrogenation promoted, for example, by Cu [19], Pd [20], palladium/graphene [21], Au [22], Ru [23] or Fe 3 O 4 -Ni [24] nanoparticles with reducing agents other than molecular hydrogen [25,26], including hydrazine [27][28][29][30][31][32], silanes [33,34] and sodium borohydride [35][36][37][38][39][40][41]. In this last case, large use of Au based catalysts has been explored [42].…”

Magnetically Separable and Versatile Pd/Fe3O4 Catalyst for Efficient Suzuki Cross‐Coupling Reaction and Selective Hydrogenation of Nitroarenes

“…14-18 Their unique physical properties make possible the complete recovery of the catalysts by means of an external magnetic field, which is an important advantage of the use of a magnetically separable catalyst. Rana et al 19 reported a funtionalised Pd/Fe 3 O 4 catalyst with highly branched polyethylenimine for hydrogenation and Suzuki-Miyaura reactions. The catalyst was proved to be quite efficient for a host of substrates in hydrogenation and Suzuki-Miyaura reactions.…”