Stabilisation of spent mushroom substrate for application as a plant growth-promoting organic amendment

Paula, Fabiana S.; Tatti, Enrico; Abram, Florence; Wilson, Jude; O'Flaherty, Vincent

doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.03.038

Cited by 82 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…The same is true for mushroom substrates. Over three million tons of spent mushroom substrates are produced in Europe every year as a by-product of the cultivation of Agaricus bisporus [89]. Due to its physical properties and nutrient content, spent mushroom substrate has great potential to be employed as a growing medium in horticulture.…”

Section: Feedstock Waste Use As Growing Medium For Plant Production Rmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increasing Sustainability of Growing Media Constituents and Stand-Alone Substrates in Soilless Culture Systems

2019

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Decreasing arable land, rising urbanization, water scarcity, and climate change exert pressure on agricultural producers. Moving from soil to soilless culture systems can improve water use efficiency, especially in closed-loop systems with a recirculating water/nutrient solution that recaptures the drain water for reuse. However, the question of alternative materials to peat and rockwool, as horticultural substrates, has become increasingly important, due to the despoiling of ecologically important peat bog areas and a pervasive waste problem. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive critical review of current developments in soilless culture, growing media, and future options of using different materials other than peat and rockwool. Apart from growing media properties and their performance from the point of view of plant production, economic and environmental factors are also important. Climate change, CO 2 emissions, and other ecological issues will determine and drive the development of soilless culture systems and the choice of growing media in the near future. Bioresources, e.g., treated and untreated waste, as well as renewable raw materials, have great potential to be used as growing media constituents and stand-alone substrates. A waste management strategy aimed at reducing, reusing, and recycling should be further and stronger applied in soilless culture systems. We concluded that the growing media of the future must be available, affordable, and sustainable and meet both quality and environmental requirements from growers and society, respectively.

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Section: Feedstock Waste Use As Growing Medium For Plant Production Rmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increasing Sustainability of Growing Media Constituents and Stand-Alone Substrates in Soilless Culture Systems

2019

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“…Stabilised SMS was applied to soil as an organic amendment in the absence of additional fertilisers. We previously showed that SMS was able to support plant growth and increase plant yield in a soil-free horticultural mix (Paula et al, 2017). Here we assessed the ability of SMS to support Lolium multiflorum growth in a soil trial, and further investigated the effects of this organic amendment on soil biotic and abiotic characteristics.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Italian ryegrass ( Lolium multiflorum ) was grown in top soil of a silt loam texture and pH 7.0. Stabilised SMS (SMS) (Paula et al, 2017) was used as an organic soil amendment in the absence of additional nutrient sources. Two organic treatments, low (OL; 60 g/L) and high (OH; 110 g/L) were applied, to represent two frequently used application rates, 45 and 85 tons/ha, respectively.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The NPK contents in the SMS are presented in Table S1 . Additional nutrient characterisation of the SMS substrate has been published previously (Paula et al, 2017). The physical and chemical properties of the soil during the trial are presented in Table S2 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Residues from the mushroom industry, herein referred to as spent mushroom substrate (SMS), are currently treated as a waste, despite having great potential for use in the agricultural sector due to high organic matter, nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K) contents, as well as large scale availability (Jordan et al, 2008; Roy et al, 2015). A recent study demonstrated that a stabilised SMS product was able to support plant growth and significantly improved grass yield in soil-free horticultural mixes (Paula et al, 2017). In addition, the benefits of using unprocessed SMS as an organic fertiliser and soil conditioner have already been documented (Courtney and Mullen, 2008; Hackett, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Organic soil amendment with Spent Mushroom Substrate results in fungal colonisation, alters bacterial-fungal co-occurrence patterns and improves plant productivity

Paula

Tatti

Thorn

et al. 2019

Preprint

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16In agricultural systems based on organic fertilisers, the activity of prokaryotes and fungi is 17 essential for degradation of complex substrates and release of nutrients for plant uptake. Understanding 18 the dynamics of microbial communities in these systems is, therefore, desirable for designing successful 19 management strategies aiming to optimise nutrient availability and to improve plant productivity. Of 20 particular interest is how the microbial inoculum provided by an organic substrate persists in the soil 21 and interacts with soil and plant microbiomes, as these processes may affect the long-term benefits of 22 organic amendments. We aimed to investigate how these dynamics occurred in soil treated with 23 stabilised spent mushroom substrate (SMS), a soil amendment rich in nutrients and complex organic 24 matter. We carried out a 14 weeks soil trial to assess the plant growth promoting properties of the SMS 25 and to monitor the successional processes of the resulting SMS-soil communities compared to a mineral 26 amended control. Bacterial and fungal communities were analysed by high-throughput sequencing at 27 both DNA and RNA (cDNA) levels. Using a combination of computational tools, including SourceTracker and Network analysis, we assessed the persistence of SMS-derived taxa in soil, and the 29 changes in co-occurrence patterns and microbial community structure over time. Prokaryotic and fungal 30 communities presented remarkably distinct trajectories following SMS treatment. The soil prokaryotic 31 communities displayed higher levels of resilience to the changes introduced by SMS treatment and 32 rapidly tended toward a soil-like profile, with low persistence of SMS-derived prokaryotes. In contrast, 33 the SMS fungal community had greater success in soil colonisation during the time monitored. SMS 34 treatment promoted an increase in the participation of fungi in the highly connected fraction of the 35 active community, including fungal taxa of SMS origin. We observed the presence of highly connected 36 microbial guilds, composed by fungal and bacterial taxa with reported capabilities of complex organic 37matter degradation. Many of these taxa were also significantly correlated with the organic matter 38 content and plant yield, suggesting that these highly connected taxa may play key roles not only in the 39 community structure, but also in the plant-soil system under organic fertilisation.

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Co‐occurrences of soil nitrogen cycling and human‐disease genes following spent mushroom substrate and nitrification inhibitor applications: A strategy for decreasing health risk

Zhang

Wang

et al. 2022

Land Degrad Dev

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Spent mushroom substrates can be utilized as organic fertilizer in agricultural production but may pose a health risk. Nitrification inhibitors dicyandiamide and 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate have been used to enhance fertilizer nitrogen utilization efficiency. However, the changes of soil abiotic properties, microbial activities, nitrogen cycling and human-disease genes, and their comprehensive relationships after the spent mushroom substrate and nitrification inhibitor applications were still unknown. In this study, the spent mushroom substrate and nitrification inhibitor were applied into the agricultural soils at the rates of 2.5% (w/w) and 1.0% of nitrogen content in the spent mushroom substrate, respectively, and then lettuce was planted. Compared with the control, spent mushroom substrate application significantly increased the lettuce biomass, soil enzyme activities and chitinase, protease, nitric-oxide reductase, nitrogenase, and urease gene abundances. However, the antibiotic resistance and human-disease gene abundances were also significantly enhanced following the spent mushroom substrate application.Relative to spent mushroom substrate alone, the dicyandiamide application significantly decreased the soil pH and human-disease gene abundances, although extra dicyandiamide and 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate enhanced 61.4% and 45.0% of dry biomass of aboveground lettuce. The human-disease gene abundances were positively correlated with soil pH but were negatively correlated with the Acidobacteria and Streptomyces ratios in soils. Spent mushroom substrate application could generate double-edged sword effects, and the health risk should be considered in the spent mushroom substrate applications. Extra dicyandiamide application could further promote crop growth while decrease the human-disease risk from the spent mushroom substrate.

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Stabilisation of spent mushroom substrate for application as a plant growth-promoting organic amendment

Cited by 82 publications

References 53 publications

Increasing Sustainability of Growing Media Constituents and Stand-Alone Substrates in Soilless Culture Systems

Increasing Sustainability of Growing Media Constituents and Stand-Alone Substrates in Soilless Culture Systems

Organic soil amendment with Spent Mushroom Substrate results in fungal colonisation, alters bacterial-fungal co-occurrence patterns and improves plant productivity

Co‐occurrences of soil nitrogen cycling and human‐disease genes following spent mushroom substrate and nitrification inhibitor applications: A strategy for decreasing health risk

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