Stability Analysis of Kernel Quality Traits in Exotic‐Derived Doubled Haploid Maize Lines

Abstract

Core Ideas Exotic germplasm may be useful for altering temperate kernel characteristics. Single nucleotide polymorphism markers were associated with composition traits. The stability and usefulness of exotic germplasm was demonstrated. Variation in kernel composition across maize (Zea mays L.) germplasm is affected by a combination of the plant's genotype, the environment in which it is grown, and the interaction between these two elements. Adapting exotic germplasm to the US Corn Belt is highly dependent on the plant's genotype, the environment where it is grown, and the interaction between these components. Phenotypic plasticity is ill‐defined when specific exotic germplasm is moved over large latitudinal distances and for the adapted variants being created. Reduced plasticity (or stability) is desired for the adapted variants, as it allows for a more rapid implementation into breeding programs throughout the Corn Belt. Here, doubled haploid lines derived from exotic maize and adapted through backcrossing exotic germplasm to elite adapted lines were used in conjunction with genome‐wide association studies to explore stability in four kernel composition traits. Genotypes demonstrated a response to environments that paralleled the mean response of all genotypes used across all traits, with protein content and kernel density exhibiting the highest levels of Type II stability. Genes such as opaque10, empty pericarp 16, and floury 1 were identified as potential candidates within quantitative trait locus regions. The findings within this study aid in validating previously identified genomic regions and identified novel genomic regions affecting kernel quality traits.

Mapping of QTL and identification of candidate genes conferring spontaneous haploid genome doubling in maize (Zea mays L.)

“…Markers with more than 25% missing data, more than 10% heterozygosity, below 2.5% minor allele frequency (MAF), and monomorphic markers between two parents were excluded by a SNP filtering process. The remaining high-quality SNPs were used for further analyses, and their genetic position was based on the IBM (intermated B73 × Mo17) genetic map [35][36][37].…”

Dissecting the Genetic Regulation of Yeast Growth Plasticity in Response to Environmental Changes

“…The ability of individuals to change their phenotypes according to the surrounding environments is termed as phenotype plasticity. It is known to be genetically regulated with a moderate heritability and could respond to selection in artificial selection experiments [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. With the availability of large-scale genome-wide markers and phenotype data in the past thirty years, many studies have acknowledged phenotype plasticity as an intriguing factor resulting in gene-by-environment interactions for complex traits impacting evolution and adaptation, and challenging the definition of genotype-phenotype maps [8,9].…”

Classification approaches for sorting maize (Zea mays subsp. mays) haploids using single‐kernel near‐infrared spectroscopy

“…The female donor parents were backcross generation 3 (BC3) plants from introgressions of BGEM inbred lines into the expired PVP lines, PHB47 and PHZ51, as recurrent parents. BGEM inbred lines contain introgressions of various tropical accessions into PHB47 and PHZ51 (Brenner et al, 2012; Sanchez, Liu, Ibrahim, Blanco, & Lübberstedt, 2018; Smelser, Gardner, Blanco, Lübberstedt, & Frei, 2016; Vanous et al, 2018; Vanous et al, 2019). PHB47 is from the stiff stalk (SS) heterotic group, while PHZ51 is a non‐stiff stalk (NSS).…”