Stability Analysis of Load Frequency Control for Shipboard Microgrids With Occasional Large Delays

Yuan, Zhe-Li; Zhang, Chuan‐Ke; Shangguan, Xing-Chen; Jiang, Lin; Xu, Da; He, Yong

doi:10.1109/tcsii.2021.3135962

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 22 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The dynamic equations of the studied islanded AMG system are modelled using nine state variables and nine state equations. The state space form obtained by Equations ( 6)-( 15) is presented [27,28,33].…”

Section: Frequency Response State-space Equationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The dynamic equations of the studied islanded AMG system are modelled using nine state variables and nine state equations. The state space form obtained by Equations ()–() is presented [27, 28, 33].

\begin{eqnarray}\dot{\Delta }f &=& \frac{1}{{2H}}(\Delta {P}_{DEG} + \Delta {P}_{WTG} + \Delta {P}_{PV} + \Delta {P}_{DR} + \Delta {P}_{EAC} \nonumber\\ &&\pm\, \Delta {P}_{BS} - \,\Delta {P}_L - D\Delta f)\end{eqnarray}

\begin{equation}\Delta {\dot{P}}_{DEG} = \frac{1}{{{T}_T}}(\Delta {P}_M - \Delta {P}_{DEG})\end{equation}

\begin{equation}\Delta {\dot{P}}_M = \frac{1}{{{T}_G}}(\Delta {u}_c(t - {\tau }_d) - \Delta {P}_M - \frac{1}{R}\Delta f)\end{equation}

...

…”

Section: System Modellingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This method is applied for a microgrid, considering multiple DERs. In [27], the stability analysis of a delayed LFC system for microgrids is examined. The LMI approach is utilized to design a controller that is robust against time delays.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Robust self‐adaptive fuzzy controller for load‐frequency control of islanded airport microgrids considering electric aircraft energy storage and demand response

Shayeghi,

Davoudkhani,

Bizon

2024

IET Renewable Power Gen

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The rise of the renewable energy sources (RES) in microgrids has increased the impact of damping and low inertia on network stability. This gives rise to several issues in the power systems, including power fluctuations from variable RES, degradation of the frequency regulation, voltage surges, and oversupply from grid‐connected distributed generators. This paper presents a cascaded hybrid load‐frequency controller for an airport microgrid that addresses frequency fluctuations caused by load changes. It is combining a self‐adaptive fuzzy controller (SAF) and a classical two‐degree‐of‐freedom proportional integral derivative (PID) controller (2DOFPID) called CSAF‐2DOFPID. It is applied to the control section of a diesel generator, an electric aircraft energy storage system, and a demand response program. The controller parameters are optimized using a suggested hybrid differential artificial hummingbird algorithm (D‐AHA) to minimize frequency deviation. The proposed control framework is simulated on an airport microgrid comprising various components, and the impact of time delay on the controller's signals, system uncertainty is also examined. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed self‐adaptive cascaded fuzzy controller outperforms other controllers such as PID, CF‐PID, and CF‐2DOFPID in reducing frequency fluctuations, and the D‐AHA algorithm achieves favourable results compared to other algorithms in the optimal tuning controller parameters.

show abstract

Section: Frequency Response State-space Equationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

\begin{eqnarray}\dot{\Delta }f &=& \frac{1}{{2H}}(\Delta {P}_{DEG} + \Delta {P}_{WTG} + \Delta {P}_{PV} + \Delta {P}_{DR} + \Delta {P}_{EAC} \nonumber\\ &&\pm\, \Delta {P}_{BS} - \,\Delta {P}_L - D\Delta f)\end{eqnarray}

\begin{equation}\Delta {\dot{P}}_{DEG} = \frac{1}{{{T}_T}}(\Delta {P}_M - \Delta {P}_{DEG})\end{equation}

\begin{equation}\Delta {\dot{P}}_M = \frac{1}{{{T}_G}}(\Delta {u}_c(t - {\tau }_d) - \Delta {P}_M - \frac{1}{R}\Delta f)\end{equation}

...

…”

Section: System Modellingmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Robust self‐adaptive fuzzy controller for load‐frequency control of islanded airport microgrids considering electric aircraft energy storage and demand response

Shayeghi,

Davoudkhani,

Bizon

2024

IET Renewable Power Gen

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A novel controller design for load frequency control (LFC) in SMGs is presented in [7], where the gain of a linear state feedback control has been optimally tuned to handle measurement delays. A more comprehensive stability analysis of LFC in SMGs has been investigated in the presence of larger measurement delays in [8]. Power imbalance allocation represents a crucial procedure aimed at restoring the nominal frequency of an energy system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal Observer-Based Power Imbalance Allocation for Frequency Regulation in Shipboard Microgrids

Rinaldi,

Baby,

Menon

2024

Energies

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This paper proposes a two-level control strategy based on a super-twisting sliding-mode algorithm (STA) to optimally allocate power imbalances in shipboard microgrids (SMGs) while achieving frequency regulation. The strategy employs an STA observer to estimate the unknown power load demand imbalances in finite time. This estimate is then passed to an online high-level optimal control framework to periodically determine the optimal sequence of power reference values for each energy storage device (ESS), minimising the operational cost of the SMG. The online optimised power reference values are interpolated and passed to the low-level STA control strategy to control the output power of each ESS. The efficacy of the proposed methods is demonstrated through numerical simulations conducted on a prototypical model of an SMG equipped with two ESSs, namely batteries and fuel cells with associated hydrogen storage.

show abstract

“…However, the virtual inertia control technology is realized by using digital control technology which includes the instruction generation and control realization processes. Hence the inherent delay problems around the communication and process links will make an impact on the fast frequency support effect (Liu et al, 2015;Yuan et al, 2022). According to (Vafamand et al, 2019;Lian et al, 2021), the time delays in digital signal may compromise the integrity and timeliness of the inertial support of the DGs and can be up to hundreds of milliseconds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virtual inertia based hierarchical control scheme for distributed generations considering communication delay

Zhou

Liao²,

Zhang³

et al. 2023

Front. Energy Res.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The virtual inertia technology of DGs (Distributed Generations) can provide inertia and damping support for the power system by imitating the traditional synchronous machine. However, the inherent delay problems around the communication and process links of the virtual inertia control will make an impact on the fast support effect. In this paper, the virtual inertia based hierarchical control scheme considering communication delay for distributed generations integration systems is proposed. The hierarchical control architecture including the PQ primary control and the virtual inertia based secondary control method which can realize the optimal power utilization and certain frequency support under the situation of communication signal delay at the same time. Firstly, the basic hierarchical control scheme for distributed generations and corresponding small signal modeling considering communication delay are presented. Then to enhance the inertia support ability of the distributed generation integration system, an improved hierarchical control strategy considering communication delay is designed based on the robust passivity method to compensate the equivalent delay disturbance. Finally, the effectiveness verification of the proposed control is carried out with the simulation cases in PSCAD platform.

show abstract

Stability Analysis of Load Frequency Control for Shipboard Microgrids With Occasional Large Delays

Cited by 10 publications

References 22 publications

Robust self‐adaptive fuzzy controller for load‐frequency control of islanded airport microgrids considering electric aircraft energy storage and demand response

Robust self‐adaptive fuzzy controller for load‐frequency control of islanded airport microgrids considering electric aircraft energy storage and demand response

Optimal Observer-Based Power Imbalance Allocation for Frequency Regulation in Shipboard Microgrids

Virtual inertia based hierarchical control scheme for distributed generations considering communication delay

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About