Stability and Removal of Benzophenone-Type UV Filters from Water Matrices by Advanced Oxidation Processes

Imamović, Belma; Trebše, Polonca; Omeragić, Elma; Bečić, Ervina; Pečet, Andrej; Dedic, Mirza

doi:10.3390/molecules27061874

Cited by 16 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…4-MBC and EHMC undergo configurational isomerism and degradation under the influence of UV radiation [59,60]. In turn, the product of BP-3 degradation is BP-1, which consecutively degrades to BP-2 [61]. BMDM is highly unstable and rapidly photodegrades through the mechanism accelerated by BP-3 and EHMC [62].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of Nine Organic UV Filters along the Shore Next to the Harbor Canals in the Middle Pomeranian Region (Northern Poland)

Stec

Astel

2023

Water

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Spatiotemporal changes in the concentration of UV filters were investigated along the shore according to increasing distance from breakwaters, from the shoreline, as well as according to seasonality in three locations of different anthropogenic pressures, involving those from cosmetic products being released during touristic activity. Nine organic UV filters (benzophenone-1 (BP-1), benzophenone-2 (BP-2), benzophenone-3 (BP-3), octocrylene (OCR), 4-methoxy benzylidene camphor (4-MBC), ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate (EHMC), ethylhexyl salicylate (EHS), homosalate (HMS), and butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane (BMDM)) were determined in core sediments, and the range of determined concentrations above the limit of quantification was between 19.2 ng·kg−1 d.w. (HMS) and 539.5 μg·kg−1 d.w. (4-MBC). Unexpectedly, contrary to the level of anthropogenic pressure, the concentrations of four (BP-1, BP-2, BP-3, OCR) UV filters decreased in the following order: Darłówko > Ustka > Rowy. Higher concentrations of BP-1, BP-2, BP-3, and OCR were determined in spring than in summer and autumn. The maximal concentration of HMS and EHMC/EHS was found in the summer and in the autumn, respectively. BMDM was determined occasionally only in two samples collected in Ustka. The higher maximal concentration range of all UV filters was determined in core sediments taken from the eastern (539.5 μg·kg−1 d.w.) rather than from the western (11.3 μg·kg−1 d.w.) parts of the beaches. According to increasing distance from the breakwaters, higher concentrations of UV filters were determined in sites located up to 100 m away in all locations and seasons. Spatial variation in the concentration of UV filters was observed in profiles perpendicular to the water line. Typically, higher concentrations were determined at sites having contact with water, although incidentally, high concentrations were also noticed at sites located further into the beach. The Polish coast of the Baltic Sea is not free from organic UV filters, and expectations concerning the abundance of UV filters in a given location are far from recorded data due to the impact of hydro-technical treatments (i.e., stony and wooden breakwaters, artificial reefs, nourishment) and coastal littoral drift.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of Nine Organic UV Filters along the Shore Next to the Harbor Canals in the Middle Pomeranian Region (Northern Poland)

Stec

Astel

2023

Water

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“…Because of its highly lipophilic character, BP-3 exhibits slow biodegradation, a propensity to adsorb into suspended solids and sediments, and a low potential for volatilization from water surfaces [83].…”

Section: Oxybenzonementioning

confidence: 99%

Ultraviolet Filters for Cosmetic Applications

et al. 2023

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Sunscreens reduce the occurrence risk of skin disorders such as sunburn, skin aging, and cancer through their ability to absorb, reflect, and scatter ultraviolet (UV) radiation. This review provides an overview of UV filters as active ingredients of sunscreen products, emphasizing their classification and structural characteristics. Their photostability, mechanism of action of ultraviolet radiation absorption, optical properties, and regulatory status are discussed based on their chemical structure. The main classes of organic UV filters presented include aminobenzoic acid derivatives, salicylic acid derivatives, cinnamic acid derivatives, benzophenones, dibenzoylmethane derivatives, benzylidene camphor derivatives, triazines, benzimidazole derivatives, and benzotriazole derivatives. The pursuit of new UV filters through research is crucial in advancing sunscreen technology and ensuring the availability of effective and safe options for sun protection.

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“…Flavonoids responsible for The color and aroma of flowers, fruit dispersal, the germination of seeds and spores, and the growth and development of seedlings in plants are all influenced by flavonoids, which are produced in particular locations [27]. In addition to acting as UV filters [28], signal molecules, allopathic chemicals, phytoalexins, detoxifying agents, and antimicrobials, flavonoids shield plants against biotic and abiotic stresses. Plants' ability to adapt to heat and tolerate freezing may be influenced by flavonoids [29].…”

Section: Flavonoids As a Defense Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flavonoids Biosynthesis in Plants as a Defense Mechanism: Role and Function Concerning Pharmacodynamics and Pharmacokinetic Properties

Nabil-Adam¹,

Elnosary²,

Ashour³

et al. 2023

Flavonoid Metabolism - Recent Advances and Applications in Crop Breeding

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Flavonoids are a major class of secondary metabolites that comprises more than 6000 compounds that have been identified. They are biosynthesized via the phenylpropanoid metabolic pathway that involves groups of enzymes such as isomerases, hydroxylases, and reductases that greatly affect the determination of the flavonoid skeleton. For example, transferase enzymes responsible for the modification of sugar result in changes in the physiological activity of the flavonoids and changes in their physical properties, such as solubility, reactivity, and interaction with cellular target molecules, which affect their pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetic properties. In addition, flavonoids have diverse biological activities such as antioxidants, anticancer, and antiviral in managing Alzheimer’s disease. However, most marine flavonoids are still incompletely discovered because marine flavonoid biosynthesis is produced and possesses unique substitutions that are not commonly found in terrestrial bioactive compounds. The current chapter will illustrate the importance of flavonoids’ role in metabolism and the main difference between marine and terrestrial flavonoids.

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Stability and Removal of Benzophenone-Type UV Filters from Water Matrices by Advanced Oxidation Processes

Cited by 16 publications

References 73 publications

Distribution of Nine Organic UV Filters along the Shore Next to the Harbor Canals in the Middle Pomeranian Region (Northern Poland)

Distribution of Nine Organic UV Filters along the Shore Next to the Harbor Canals in the Middle Pomeranian Region (Northern Poland)

Ultraviolet Filters for Cosmetic Applications

Flavonoids Biosynthesis in Plants as a Defense Mechanism: Role and Function Concerning Pharmacodynamics and Pharmacokinetic Properties

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