Stability, Assembly, and Particle/Solvent Interactions of Pd Nanoparticles Electrodeposited from a Deep Eutectic Solvent

Hammons, Joshua A.; Muselle, Thibault; Ustarroz, Jon; Tzedaki, M.; Raes, Marc; Hubin, Annick; Terryn, Herman

doi:10.1021/jp403739y

Cited by 74 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Such a system is commonly found in low-crystalline polymers where there is a gradual transition of ρ(r) at the phase boundary [3]. This phenomenon is also found in nanoparticle electrodeposition in deep eutectic solvents [38]. In this study, the observed negative deviations were associated with charge-neutralizing layers above particle ensembles on the surface.…”

Section: Power-law Decayssupporting

confidence: 60%

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Small-Angle X-Ray Scattering of Ionic Liquids

Hammons

Ilavský

Zhang

2015

Electrochemistry in Ionic Liquids

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Section: Power-law Decayssupporting

confidence: 60%

“…(6.33). Although this has been used for significantly narrow distributions [37,38,59], there are better ways to properly account for structure in a polydisperse system. One such method, for relatively narrow size distributions, is by using the so-called local monodisperse approximation [60].…”

Section: Size Distribution and Anisotropic Inhomogeneitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Small-Angle X-Ray Scattering of Ionic Liquids

Hammons

Ilavský

Zhang

2015

Electrochemistry in Ionic Liquids

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“…[16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34] The electrodeposition from these non-aqueous baths have proven successful to obtain nickel coatings, [18][19][20]34 nickel-based alloys 21,22,24,25,27,28,35 and nanostructured nickel films for corrosion resistance. 29,30 Similarly, DES were also used for the synthesis of a multitude of nanostructures (Pd, 36 Au, 37 ...), due to the capability of these solvents to slow down the electrochemical processes, thus, having a better control of the deposition of nanostructures. 15 Likewise, DESs are especially interesting because of their ability to stabilize nanoclusters and to facilitate nanoparticle self-assembly without the need for additives and stabilizing agents.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…15 Likewise, DESs are especially interesting because of their ability to stabilize nanoclusters and to facilitate nanoparticle self-assembly without the need for additives and stabilizing agents. 36 Both the halide salt and the hydrogen bond donor (HBD) present in the DES, are expected to influence the shape-controlled synthesis of nanomaterials. 38 Moreover, the unavoidable presence of water, due to the hygroscopicity of these media, makes the deposition processes more complex.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Control and Effect of Water Content during the Electrodeposition of Ni Nanostructures from Deep Eutectic Solvents

et al. 2018

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The electrodeposition of nickel nanostructures on glassy carbon was investigated in 1:2 choline chloride urea (1:2 ChCl-U) deep eutectic solvent (DES) containing different amounts of water. By combining electrochemical techniques, with ex-situ FE-SEM, HAADF-STEM and EDX, the effect of water content on the electrochemical processes occurring during nickel deposition was better understood. At highly negative potentials and depending on water content, Ni growth is halted due to water splitting and the formation of a mixed layer of Ni/NiO x (OH) 2(1−x)(ads). Moreover, under certain conditions, the DES components can also be (electro)chemically reduced at the electrode surface, blocking further 3D growth of the Ni NPs. Hence, a 2D crystalline Ni containing network can be formed in the inter-particle region. in the inter-particle region. Careful tuning of the water content leads to a fine control of the deposition potentials of Ni and the side reactions occurring at more negative potentials, giving the ability to control self-limiting growth and passivation phenomena. Supporting Information Available Water content. The 3 rd scan of the CVs of Figures 1, 2 and 3. Influence of stirring. Selected area electron diffraction (SAED).

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“…Hammons, et al reported electrodeposition of Pd NPs in choline chloride and urea DES. 24 They controlled size of the Pd NPs by controlling temperature; Pd NPs were 10 nm at 32.5…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Size-Controlled Synthesis of Palladium Nanospheres by Pulse Electrodeposition in 1-Butyl-3-methylimmidazolium Chloride Ionic Liquid

Shrestha¹,

Nagib²,

Biddinger³

2015

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Pd electrodeposition in ionic liquids has been mostly limited to the formation of thin films, which has restricted its potential application to the electronics and decorative industry only. The electrochemical synthesis of nanostructured Pd could broaden its applications to the catalyst industry as well. In 1-butyl-3-methylimmidazolium chloride, the Pd deposits reported so far have had uncontrolled growth without any well-defined morphology. In this study, we report controlled synthesis of Pd nanoparticles with well-defined morphology on pre-etched Ni electrodes. Potentiostatic pulse deposition was used to synthesize these Pd nanoparticles, which had spherical shape and unimodal size distribution. In contrast, thin film-like morphology was deposited during direct electrodeposition. The size of the Pd nanospheres was controlled by controlling the duty cycle; the size of the Pd nanospheres increased from 14.8 ± 3.5 to 30.8 ± 6.6 nm when the duty cycle decreased from 0.5 to 0.2. The size of the Pd nanospheres showed linear dependence on the duty cycle giving excellent control. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed face-centered cubic crystalline microstructure for the Pd particles. The analysis also suggested that the amount of Pd increased by decreasing the duty cycle. The surface of the Pd deposits was dominated by metallic state as revealed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Electrodeposited Pd has applications as catalysts, interconnects, jewelry and ornaments.1 Electrodeposition has also been considered for recovery of fission palladium.2 Ionic liquids (ILs) are considered promising electrolytes for Pd electrodeposition because hydrogen embrittlement, which is commonly a problem for Pd electrodeposition in aqueous systems, could be avoided by proper choice of IL. Different types of ILs have been studied for this purpose such as chloroaluminates, 20 Some of the work has also been done with the deep eutectic solvents (DES) choline chloride/urea and choline chloride/ethylene glycol.14,21 Pd-containing liquid metal salts (LMS), which are ILs with metal ions coordinated to the cations are also being explored for Pd electrodeposition. 22 However, these works were mostly limited to the study of Pd thin films. This limits the usability of Pd electrodeposition in ILs to the electronic and decorative industry.Controlled synthesis of nanostructures would make Pd electrodeposition in ILs applicable towards heterogeneous catalysis, where catalysts are usually metal nanoparticles. However, controlling size, shape and distribution of metal nanostructures are not straightforward in either aqueous-based solutions or ILs. Although significant progress has been made in aqueous-based solution regarding the synthesis of Pd nanostructures, the same could not be said for ILs. One of the issues is that the ILs behave differently than that of water; therefore, the knowledge could not be directly transferred from aqueous solutions to ILs. Another prominent issue is that each IL has unique chemistry. Despite these disadvantages, ILs hav...

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Stability, Assembly, and Particle/Solvent Interactions of Pd Nanoparticles Electrodeposited from a Deep Eutectic Solvent

Cited by 74 publications

References 43 publications

Small-Angle X-Ray Scattering of Ionic Liquids

Small-Angle X-Ray Scattering of Ionic Liquids

On the Control and Effect of Water Content during the Electrodeposition of Ni Nanostructures from Deep Eutectic Solvents

Size-Controlled Synthesis of Palladium Nanospheres by Pulse Electrodeposition in 1-Butyl-3-methylimmidazolium Chloride Ionic Liquid

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