Stability assessment of volcanic lava tubes in the Galápagos using engineering rock mass classifications and an empirical approach

Bordehore, Luis Jordá; Toulkeridis, Theofilos; Romero-Crespo, Paola; Jordá-Bordehore, Rafael; Garizábal, Iker García

doi:10.1016/j.ijrmms.2016.08.005

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…6). This observation may also serve in the general evaluation of a hazard area around an active volcano of such ejecting such pyroclasts and even the stability of such accumulated material (Jordá-Bordehore, Toulkeridis, and Romero-Crespo, 2016;. Uniciencia.…”

Section: Analysis and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Origin of color variations of thin, nano-sized layers of volcanic cinder from the Sierra Negra Volcano of the Galapagos Islands

et al. 2021

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Volcanic cinder, also known as scoria, is an extrusive igneous rock that forms when gas-rich magmas of basaltic or andesitic composition cool quickly. It is typically dark in color, ranging from black to red depending on its chemical composition. Sometimes fresh cinder samples show a variety of shiny metallic colors on its surface ranging from blue to gold to silver. The origin of these colors has remained unknown up to now. Cinder samples from an eruptive event occurred in October 2005 have been collected in the surroundings of the Sierra Negra volcano in the Galápagos Islands. The samples’ crystallographic structure, chemical composition, and surface morphology have been analyzed using X-Ray diffractometry (XRD), energy dispersive X-Ray spectroscopy (EDS) and a field gun emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. Based on an extensive physical and chemical analysis, we were able to demonstrate that these colors are due to a light interference phenomenon. These results have a great potential to be used for a wide variety of purposes such as determining the temperature and composition of magma and evaluating volcanic samples for planetary studies.

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Section: Analysis and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Origin of color variations of thin, nano-sized layers of volcanic cinder from the Sierra Negra Volcano of the Galapagos Islands

et al. 2021

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“…associated with the filling of cracks, volcanic tubes, and natural caverns. Special attention should also be paid to possible cavities in the ground, which can lead to collapses while drilling (Figure 1) (Jordá-Bordehore et al, 2016). This is why stabil-ity and safety are the two main factors to consider when drilling in volcanic terrain (Sakuma et al, 2008).…”

Section: Problems Analysis and Proposal Of Technical Solutionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geotechnical aspects of drilling and excavation of volcanic terrain for groundwater exploitation

et al. 2023

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Heterogeneity of volcanic materials that constitute the Canary Islands (Spain) means that mining work in water galleries excavated on these islands, drilling into the terrain for many kilometres, is very challenging. They are composed of materials that vary significantly in terms of cohesion, ranging from very consolidated to loose and highly unstable. Water galleries have been key in the development of the Canary Islands, in order to obtain drinking water from the aquifer. Generally, aquifers are located in mountainous areas with difficult access, which complicates the drilling work. This article analyses the main geotechnical problems encountered in the construction of subterranean water galleries in the Canary Islands, as well as possible solutions to these problems, so that these can be applied to similar territories. As a general conclusion, the instabilities inherent in volcanic materials affect this type of work, and it is necessary to take specific measures for each type of geotechnical risk, as proposed in this article.

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“…Sandy sectors, essentially constituted by pocket beaches, are composed by white, coral-rich sand with headlands and cliffs composed by black volcanic rocks, whose formation, emergence, and paleogeography are still highly uncertain [24]. The Galapagos Islands were declared World Heritage Natural Site by UNESCO in 1978 and, since that date, their reputation and eminence of being one of the last pristine natural paradises on Earth greatly grow up all around the world, especially because of their great biodiversity and, to a lesser extent, their geological heritage [25]. Galapagos presents one of the fastest growing economies in the world [23,26] and its urban areas are minimal and mainly present in four islands, i.e., Santa Cruz, San Cristóbal, Isabela and Floreana, which have a total population of 25,124 inhabitants.…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Coastal Scenic Evaluation of Continental Ecuador and Galapagos Islands: Human Impacts and Management Issues

Mestanza-Ramón

Anfuso

Ruiz

et al. 2020

JMSE

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The scenery, safety, facilities, water quality and litter quantities in coastal areas are relevant and determining elements in the choice of a tourist destination. This paper focused on the evaluation of coastal scenic value in 55 and 12 sites respectively located in continental Ecuador and the Galapagos Islands. The information obtained gives public administrators and coastal managers the relevant data to avoid further environmental degradation and suggests measures to improve the present scenic value of tourist destinations. The methodology used was based on the analysis of 26 physical/human factors and applied fuzzy logic analysis and weighting matrices that allowed the sites to be classified into five classes, from Class I (natural areas with superior scenic characteristics) to Class V (poor scenic areas with relevant impact of human interventions). The most attractive beaches were in the Galapagos Islands due to the magnificent physical and environmental characteristics, while the Esmeraldas province presented sites of lower scenic beauty due to the low natural scenic value and the increase of human impacts. In total, 22% (15 out of 67) of the beaches investigated belonged to Class I, 12% (8) to Class II and 15% (10) to Class III. The last two classes included 51% of the beaches (i.e., 34 out of 67), of which 31% (21) was in Class IV and 20% (13) in Class V. Such results provide local managers and planners a solid inventory on coastal scenic characteristics and baseline information for any envisaged subsequent management plan.

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Stability assessment of volcanic lava tubes in the Galápagos using engineering rock mass classifications and an empirical approach

Cited by 14 publications

References 16 publications

Origin of color variations of thin, nano-sized layers of volcanic cinder from the Sierra Negra Volcano of the Galapagos Islands

Origin of color variations of thin, nano-sized layers of volcanic cinder from the Sierra Negra Volcano of the Galapagos Islands

Geotechnical aspects of drilling and excavation of volcanic terrain for groundwater exploitation

Coastal Scenic Evaluation of Continental Ecuador and Galapagos Islands: Human Impacts and Management Issues

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