Stability Comparison Between Grid-forming and Grid-following Based Wind Farms Integrated MMC-HVDC

Pan, Rongcai; Liu, Dong; Liu, Shan; Ye, Jie; Kou, Longze; Tang, Guangfu

doi:10.35833/mpce.2022.000158

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Impedance modeling of grid-forming MMC [10][11][12][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] Studies about grid-forming control mostly focus on low-voltage converters. Research on grid-forming MMC are relatively limited.…”

Section: References Limitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison Study of the Wideband Oscillation Risk of MMC between Grid-Following and Grid-Forming Control

Cheng,

Xie,

Zeng

et al. 2024

Energies

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Currently, research on the small-signal stability of grid-forming converters under two control modes, grid-following and grid-forming, mainly focuses on low-level converters. However, studies on the differences between grid-following modular multilevel converters (MMC) and grid-forming MMC are limited. A comprehensive analysis of the wideband oscillation risk differences in MMC-HVDC systems under these two control modes from the perspective of impedance characteristics is necessary. Therefore, based on the harmonic state-space (HSS) modeling theory, this article establishes wideband sequence impedance models for grid-forming and grid-following MMC. Subsequently, this article identifies key control parameters affecting the impedance characteristics of MMC under two control modes. The wideband oscillation risks of MMC-HVDC systems under both control modes are compared. The study indicates that when the grid strength weakens, grid-following MMC faces instability risks, while grid-forming MMC can maintain stability. In instances where high-frequency resonance peaks exist in the impedance of the grid, both control modes of MMC may face instability risks. Furthermore, by adjusting the obtained key control parameters of MMC, this article effectively suppresses the oscillation risk discussed above. Finally, the analysis results are verified through an electromagnetic transient simulation.

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Section: References Limitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are significant differences in wideband output impedance characteristics compared to low-voltage converters. Consequently, it is imperative to conduct a separate analysis of the influence of different control strategies on the wideband impedance characteristics of MMC [23][24][25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison Study of the Wideband Oscillation Risk of MMC between Grid-Following and Grid-Forming Control

Cheng,

Xie,

Zeng

et al. 2024

Energies

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“…Modular multilevel converters are extensively utilized in high-voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission systems owing to their modularity [1,2], extensibility [3,4], and favorable output performance [5][6][7]. Two operational modes are identified for MMC-HVDC projects: grid-connected mode and standalone mode [8,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stability Enhancement Method of Standalone Modular Multilevel Converters Based on Impedance Reshaping

Zheng,

Hua,

Yang

et al. 2024

Energies

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Modular multilevel converters (MMCs) are susceptible to subsynchronous oscillations (SSOs) caused by impedance interactions in the power line. Current research into the stability of MMCs focuses mainly on voltage feed-forward control, while the effect of current feed-forward control is neglected. This paper proposes a current feed-forward compensation method based on impedance reshaping for standalone MMCs. Initially, an impedance model was developed to identify the stability risks caused by the interaction between the MMC and power line impedance. The proposed method feeds the current compensation signal into the modulation circuit, thereby improving the control signal and suppressing the impedance interaction between the MMC and the power line. The analysis of the harmonic state space (HSS) method verifies that the proposed approach effectively reduces the negative damping region in the frequency band where the SSO is located. Additionally, the impedance frequency scanning method confirms the accuracy of impedance modeling. Using the MATLAB/Simulink platform and StarSim HIL hardware-in-the-loop experimental platform, the SSO phenomenon of the MMC is simulated, and the results show that the proposed method can effectively suppress harmonic currents during SSO, which verifies the accuracy of the stability analysis and the feasibility of the proposed method.

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“…For the purpose of open access, the authors have applied a Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license to any Accepted Manuscript version arising. to contribute to system stabilisation by providing virtual inertia, voltage, and frequency support, are recommended to be utilized [4]- [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Model Predictive Approach for Enhancing Transient Stability of Grid-Forming Converters

Arjomandi-Nezhad,

Guo,

Pal

et al. 2024

IEEE Trans. Power Syst.

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A model predictive control (MPC) method for enhancing post-fault transient stability of a grid-forming (GFM) inverter-based resources (IBRs) is developed in this paper. This proposed controller is activated as soon as the converter enters into the post-fault current-saturation mode. It aims at mitigating the instability arising from insufficient deceleration due to current saturation and thus improving the transient stability of a GFM-IBR. The MPC approach optimises the post-fault trajectory of GFM IBRs by introducing appropriate corrective phase angle jumps and active power references where the postfault dynamics of GFM IBRs are addressed. These two signals provide controllability over GFM IBR's post-fault trajectory. This paper addresses the mitigation of oscillations between current-saturation mode and normal mode by forced saturation if conditions for remaining in the normal mode do not hold. The performance of the proposal is tested via dynamic simulations under various grid conditions and compared with other existing strategies. The results demonstrate significant improvement in transient stability.

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Stability Comparison Between Grid-forming and Grid-following Based Wind Farms Integrated MMC-HVDC

Cited by 11 publications

References 32 publications

Comparison Study of the Wideband Oscillation Risk of MMC between Grid-Following and Grid-Forming Control

Comparison Study of the Wideband Oscillation Risk of MMC between Grid-Following and Grid-Forming Control

Stability Enhancement Method of Standalone Modular Multilevel Converters Based on Impedance Reshaping

A Model Predictive Approach for Enhancing Transient Stability of Grid-Forming Converters

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