Stability criteria, atomization and non-thermal processes in liquids

Abstract

Analyzing the first equation in the BBGKY chain of equations for an equilibrium liquid-gas system, we derived the analytical expression for the atom work function from liquid into gas. The coupling between the atom work function from liquid into vacuum and the stability criterion of liquid in limiting points of the first type was shown (using I.Z. Fisher classification). As it turned out, Fisher's criterion corresponds to the condition of atomization. We have expressed the state equation in terms of the atom work function from liquid into vacuum and performed calculations of the limiting line of stability composed of limiting points of the first type for argon. Our model discovers an interesting effect of the negative atom work function: at a constant volume of liquid, on a temperature rise (also at a fixed temperature and decreasing specific volume of liquid) the atom work function drops and takes a negative value with a modulus that is significantly larger than the atomic thermal energy. We propose a new two-stage mechanism of sonoluminescence based on non-thermal processes in liquid in a state with a negative atom work function. The first stage includes the emission of atoms from the interior of the bubble into gas at hyper-thermal velocities. At the second stage, a collision of emitted flow takes place between the gas atoms along with the implosion of the central part of the bubble. As a result of the impact excitation, ionization and the subsequent recombination, a flash of electromagnetic radiation develops that can be seen in sonoluminescence experiments.

High-Energy Ejection of Molecules and Gas-Dust Outbursts in Coal Mines

“…where N is the number of atoms in a non-uniform liquid; P i , M is the momentum and mass of atoms; and Φ(R) is the interaction energy of two atoms. The unary distribution function in a nonhomogeneous fluid satisfies the first equation of the Bogolyubov-Born-Green-Kirkwood-Yvon chain of equations [1,2,40].…”

“…where U(z) plays the role of a monatomic self-consistent potential in the Boltzmann distribution and effectively acts on individual atoms [1,2].…”

“…The general equation of the state of a homogeneous liquid, the molecules of which interact with the help of paired central forces, can be written in terms of the release of molecules from a liquid in a vacuum [1,2]:…”

“…The characteristic distances at which the ejection of fluid particles occurs correspond to nanometer values. The behavior of atoms or molecules under conditions of high-energy phenomena near the phase boundaries can be described in terms of the effective single-particle potential created by the collective particles of the system [ 1 , 2 ].…”

“…In this work, a microscopic approach to the phenomena of gas-dust outbursts in coal mines and the spontaneous combustion of hydrogen during its sharp release into the atmosphere, based on the works [ 1 , 2 ], was developed. The possibility of the generation of a compression wave in a gas due to the phenomenon of the self-acceleration of the front of an unloading wave during a sharp opening of a volume with gas was analyzed.…”