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ForewordThis book is the result of a theoretical development and examination of the generalized adjoint concept and the conditions under which systems analysis using adjoints is valid. The results developed in this book are useful aids for the analysis and modeling of physical systems, including the development of guidance and control algorithms, and in developing simulations. 1 This book defines and develops the generalized adjoint of an input-output system. The generalized adjoint of a system may be used to represent the inverse of a system, which may be used in systems analysis. Furthermore, the generalized adjoint condenses system behavior in a way that facilitates analysis of the effect of noise and disturbance on a system.