Close packing of three chains in a standard collagen triple helix requires Gly as every third residue. Missense mutations replacing one Gly by a larger residue in the tripeptide repeating sequence in type I collagen are common molecular causes of osteogenesis imperfecta. The structural and dynamic consequences of such mutations are addressed here by NMR studies on a peptide with a Gly-to-Ser substitution within an ␣1(I) sequence. Distances derived from nuclear Overhauser effects indicate that the three Ser residues are still packed in the center of the triple helix and that the standard 1-residue stagger is maintained. NMR dynamics using H-exchange and temperature-dependent amide chemical shifts indicate a greater disruption of hydrogen bonding and/or increased conformational flexibility C-terminal to the Ser site when compared with N terminal. This is consistent with recent suggestions relating clinical severity with an asymmetric effect of residues N-versus C-terminal to a mutation site. Dynamic studies also indicate that the relative position between a Gly in one chain and the mutation site in a neighboring staggered chain influences the disruption of the standard hydrogen-bonding pattern. The structural and dynamic alterations reported here may play a role in the etiology of osteogenesis imperfecta by affecting collagen secretion or interactions with other matrix molecules.Mutations in collagen result in a variety of connective tissue diseases (1, 2), with the clinical phenotype depending on the location and function of the collagen type. For instance, mutations in type I collagen, the major collagen in bone, lead to a bone disorder, osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), 3 whereas mutations in type III collagen, which is present in high amounts in blood vessels, lead to aortic rupture in Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type IV (1, 2). All collagens have a triple helix motif composed of three polyproline II-like chains that are staggered by 1 residue and supercoiled about a common axis. The smallest residue Gly is typically present as every 3rd residue in each chain because of the tight packing of the chains, which generates the characteristic (Gly-Xaa-Yaa) n repeating sequence. The Gly residues are all buried in the center, and the structure is stabilized by interchain N-H (Gly) . . . CϭO (Xaa) hydrogen bonds (3-5). The most common type of mutation leading to collagen disorders is a missense mutation that replaces 1 Gly in the repeating sequence by a larger residue.The best characterized collagen disease is OI, or brittle bone disease, which is distinguished by fragile bones due to mutations in type I collagen (2, 6). More than 400 Gly substitution missense mutations in the ␣1(I) and ␣2(I) chains of type I collagen have been reported to lead to OI (7). The severity of the disease varies widely from mild cases with multiple fractures to perinatal lethal cases (2, 6, 7). A single base change in a Gly codon can lead to one of 8 residues (Ser, Ala, Cys, Val, Arg, Asp, Glu, Trp) or a missense mutation. The smallest residue Ala is...