Stability limit of charged drops

Schweizer, John W; Hanson, Donald N.

doi:10.1016/0021-9797(71)90141-x

Cited by 118 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Taflin et al 5 reported an experiment that for the first time allowed determination of the mass and charge loss associated with the explosion a more reliable and accurate way. The experimental appaw x w x ratus is similar to that given in Doyle et al 4 , but in 5 1070-9878r r r r r05r r r r r$20.00 ᮊ 2005 IEEE optical resonance spectroscopy was used to continuously measure droplet size, to an accuracy of better than 1 part in 10 4 . The disruption of droplets in the range 20 to 66 m diameter resulted in a mass loss of approximately 1 to 2.3%, and a charge loss in the range 9.5 to 18%.…”

Section: Manuscript Recei®ed On 30 December 2003 In Final Formmentioning

confidence: 71%

Dielectric charged drop breakyup at sub-rayleigh limit conditions

Shrimpton

2005

IEEE Trans. Dielect. Electr. Insul.

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The maximum charge a drop may hold, for an electrically isolated, electrically conducting drop, in vacuum, is defined by the Rayleigh Limit. For spray plumes of electrically charged drops this condition is clearly not met due to the space charge field. We would like to simulate such spray plumes and to simulate drop break up within them, using stochastic methods. Since many simulated particles are required a dynamic drop stability analysis is clearly not computationally feasible. Based upon a static analysis, and a thorough review of the previous experimental data on charged drop stability, it is shown that for dielectric drops in the presence of significant electric fields, and particularly those within spray plumes, the maximum charge a drop may hold is less than the Rayleigh Limit. Typical values of stable drop charge of 70-80% of the conducting drop Rayleigh Limit are predicted, and this is supported by a majority of recent experimental work. We present an explanation of the sub-Rayleigh Limit drop fission within charged spray plumes for dielectric drops, based upon a static, rather than a dynamic analysis. This permits sub-Rayleigh Limit drop fission to be incorporated into stochastic particle simulations.

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Section: Manuscript Recei®ed On 30 December 2003 In Final Formmentioning

confidence: 71%

Dielectric charged drop breakyup at sub-rayleigh limit conditions

Shrimpton

2005

IEEE Trans. Dielect. Electr. Insul.

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“…As shown in Figure 1, by ∼ 0.4t/ m , approximately 3.7 ms, enough mass has been lost through evaporation to satisfy Q = Q ray and the drop must undergo some form of fission. It is suggested [17] that electrically charged insulating liquid drops at their Rayleigh limit break up in a highly regular manner where 20-30% of the charge is lost from the original 'parent' drop to 1-10 smaller siblings where the parent:sibling diameter ratio ∼10:1. This produces the discontinuity shown in Figure 1 and the evaporation process continues until the next fission event.…”

Section: Single Drop Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics of electrically charged transient evaporating sprays

Shrimpton

Laoonual

2006

Numerical Meth Engineering

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SUMMARYThe evolution of an evaporating spray plume typical of those under consideration for use in direct injection spark ignition (DISI) engines, for early and late fuel injection strategies is investigated. Here the effect of electric charge, present on individual drops, upon the spray dispersal and evaporation rate is investigated with the aim of optimizing these parameters with respect to typical engine timescales and injection strategy. The predictions suggest that applying electric charge to drops in sprays injected early into the intake stroke does not have a beneficial effect. The spray evaporation rate is not significantly enhanced, and the long time interval between fuel injection and ignition actually promotes spray wall deposition. Conversely, applying electric charge to sprays injected late encourages secondary atomization and the increase in surface area greatly improves the evaporation rate. This is also true at higher engine speeds, corresponding to a much reduced time between fuel injection and ignition. Therefore it is suggested that the selective use of electric charge is viable way of tuning the spray character without effecting fuel metering when moving from an early to a late injection strategy in DISI engines when variable loads are required.

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“…While there are many papers considering the Rayleigh stability limit of electrically charged drops, which allow the maximum permissible charge density to be calculated (for example, see reference [1]), one of the most important parameters that should be determined in modelling the dynamic and transport-dispersive behavior of such bubbles is diameter rather than density. It will be shown that when the electrical charges come from the process of radioactive decay, i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Critical Radius of Radioactive Liquid Droplets with Particular Application in Tritium Extraction

Arias

Parks

2015

J Fusion Energ

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The Rayleigh density limit and its significance with regard to coalescence and growth of radiative bubbles is discussed. It is shown that taking into account the kind of radioactive decay, i.e. alpha or beta decay, the Rayleigh density limit results in a critical radius limit for the coalescence and growth of radiative bubbles. Because the size of bubbles is one of the most important parameters to be considered in transport and extraction technologies, the present study has important application for the computational modelling of tritium extraction from liquid Pb-16Li blankets for fusion reactor technologies. Keywords Radiative bubbles Á Coalescence and growth Á Tritium breedingList of symbols C d Drag coefficient e eThe energy of the most energetic electron g Acceleration due to gravity P e Electrostatic pressure P m Mechanical pressure Q t Total positive electrical charge inside the liquid droplet R Radius of the liquid droplet R cr Critical radius of the liquid droplet t Time VElectrical potential at the liquid-air interfaceGreek symbols e o Electrical permittivity in vacuum q Density of air q l Density of the liquid droplet r Surface tension

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Stability limit of charged drops

Cited by 118 publications

References 4 publications

Dielectric charged drop breakyup at sub-rayleigh limit conditions

Dielectric charged drop breakyup at sub-rayleigh limit conditions

Dynamics of electrically charged transient evaporating sprays

The Critical Radius of Radioactive Liquid Droplets with Particular Application in Tritium Extraction

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