Stability of cognitive style from childhood to young adulthood.

Witkin, Herman A.; Goodenough, Donald R.; Karp, Stephen A.

doi:10.1037/h0025070

Cited by 309 publications

(162 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…We assessed verbal mental age because, as discussed, previous research has shown a strong positive association between verbal mental age and theory-of-mind success in children (see Yirmiya et al, 1998). Similarly, speed on the Embedded Figures Test has been shown to increase with development and to be related to children's level of verbal ability (Coates, 1972;Witkin, Goodenough, & Karp, 1967;Witkin et al, 1971). The importance of these points is that the links between age and general intelligence on the one hand, and theory of mind and Embedded Figures Test speed on the other, might mask the hypothesized inverse relationship between theory of mind and central coherence unless individual differences in age and intelligence are accounted for in a developmental sample.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Linking theory of mind and central coherence bias in autism and in the general population.

Jarrold¹,

Butler²,

Cottington³

et al. 2000

Developmental Psychology

162

128

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Three experiments investigated whether 2 characteristic aspects of the psychological profile of autism, theory-of-mind deficits and weak central coherence, might be functionally related. Experiment 1 showed that in the general population, performance on a proposed test of theory of mind was inversely related to speed on the Embedded Figures Test, a measure of central coherence bias. Experiments 2 and 3 confirmed that poor theory-of-mind performance was linked to weak central coherence among typically developing children and among children with autism; however, the correlations between these measures were reliable only after accounting for differences in individuals' verbal mental ages. This pattern of results is interpreted in terms of a relationship between individual differences in theory of mind and central coherence bias, a relationship that is separate from any developmental differences in these domains.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Linking theory of mind and central coherence bias in autism and in the general population.

Jarrold¹,

Butler²,

Cottington³

et al. 2000

Developmental Psychology

162

128

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show abstract

“…in their characteristic mode of perceiving (Bauman, 1951;Witkin et a1., 1954;Witkin, Goodenough & Karp, 1967). I should also point out that there are sex differences in field dependence.…”

Section: The Nature Of Cognitive Stylesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…-25-A study in which we followed the same children over the 10-to 24-year-age period showed that an individual's standing on the field-dependence-independence cognitive'style remains relatively stable over this age period (Witkin, et al, 1967). This observation makes it reasonable to believe that the cognitive assessments we made at the time of their admission into college is likely to reflect our students' cognitive makeup both in the earlier high-school period and in the later graduate-school period.…”

Section: Cognitive Style As a Factor In Academic Evolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Cognitive Style in Academic Performance and in Teacher‐student Relations12

Witkin

1973

ETS Research Bulletin Series

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“…Error bars illustrate standard errors. Goodenough, and Karp (1967) showed that the ability to ignore the visual context in perceptual judgments-known as field independence-is a stable cognitive style from childhood to young adulthood, at least. Furthermore, Couch and Keniston (1960) investigated acquiescence bias in terms of consistency over time and generality over tests.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Individual differences in use of the recognition heuristic are stable across time, choice objects, domains, and presentation formats

Michalkiewicz

Erdfelder

2015

Mem Cogn

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The recognition heuristic (RH) is a simple decision strategy that performs surprisingly well in many domains. According to the RH, people decide on the basis of recognition alone and ignore further knowledge when faced with a recognized and an unrecognized choice object. Previous research has revealed noteworthy individual differences in RH use, suggesting that people have preferences for using versus avoiding this strategy that might be causally linked to cognitive or personality traits. However, trying to explain differences in RH use in terms of traits presupposes temporal and cross-situational stability in use of the RH, an important prerequisite that has not been scrutinized so far. In a series of four experiments, we therefore assessed the stability in RH use across (1) time, (2) choice objects, (3) domains, and (4) presentation formats of the choice objects. In Experiment 1, participants worked on the same inference task and choice objects twice, separated by a delay of either one day or one week. Experiment 2 replicated Experiment 1 using two different object sets from the same domain, whereas Experiment 3 assessed the stability of RH use across two different domains. Finally, in Experiment 4 we investigated stability across verbal and pictorial presentation formats of the choice objects. For all measures of RH use proposed so far, we found strong evidence for both temporal and cross-situational stability in use of the RH. Thus, RH use at least partly reflects a personspecific style of decision making whose determinants await further research.

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Stability of cognitive style from childhood to young adulthood.

Cited by 309 publications

References 8 publications

Linking theory of mind and central coherence bias in autism and in the general population.

Linking theory of mind and central coherence bias in autism and in the general population.

The Role of Cognitive Style in Academic Performance and in Teacher‐student Relations12

Individual differences in use of the recognition heuristic are stable across time, choice objects, domains, and presentation formats

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