Stability of Furosemide in Aqueous Systems

Ghanekar, A.G.; Gupta, V. Das; Gibbs, Charles W.

doi:10.1002/jps.2600670621

Cited by 27 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…For this reason, furosemide appeared to be one of the challenging molecules for pharmaceuticals researchers. In the past, some attempts had been made to improve its stability in aqueous systems as well as its dissolution profile (24,25). For example, a remarkable enhancement of the dissolution rate was reported for a solid dispersion of furosemide-PVP (26) or for ball milling of furosemide with crospovidone (27).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Cryogrinding on Chemical Stability of the Sparingly Water-Soluble Drug Furosemide

et al. 2011

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Cryogrinding on Chemical Stability of the Sparingly Water-Soluble Drug Furosemide

et al. 2011

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“…[ 23 ] In contrast, alkaline solutions of furosemide elicit higher stability. [ 24 ] Therefore, it was important to keep it within its stability range, especially at pH values >7.0,[ 15 ] hence the choice in our study to set the pH at 8.0. However, higher alkalinity may reduce patient compliance due to its taste.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hospital preparations of ethanol-free furosemide oral solutions

Sombié

Guetambaba

Diawara

et al. 2022

Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology &Amp; Research

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Furosemide is a diuretic frequently used in the therapeutic management of edema associated with cardiac, renal, and hepatic failure and hypertension. However, there are a very low number of pharmaceutical dosage forms containing furosemide that are suitable for children under 6- years old. Therefore, there is a real need to develop hospital preparations, especially in the hospital. Four oral pediatric solutions of furosemide (2 mg/Ml) were formulated. Two of those solutions did not contain ethanol. For each formulation, 12 batches of 1600.0 Ml were prepared and packaged in 250.0 Ml brown glass bottles with polypropylene screw caps. The physicochemical properties (visual appearance, pH, osmolarity, drug content) and microbiological quality of the finished product were determined on the freshly prepared solutions and after 90 days of storage at 30°C/65% RH. The physicochemical and microbiological characteristics of the freshly prepared solutions were within the prescribed specifications. After 90 days of storage at 30°C/65% RH, the solutions containing sucrose and those without ethanol showed a slight decrease in pH and furosemide content of about 2.5%–4.5% (w/w). Despite this slight decrease, the characteristics remained within the prescribed specifications. Based on the stability profile of the ethanol-free solution containing sorbitol, it could be implemented in hospitals for the care of pediatric patients.

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“…1). 13,14 The degradation may be even faster if sulfate ion is present, 15 as in normal urine. Urine is usually weakly acidic and may be made more acidic by the action of furosemide.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…16 In contrast, in alkaline solution, furosemide has been reported to show high stability. 14,15,17 However, in humans, furosemide is metabolised to its acylglucuronide, 18 which is unstable in alkaline media; therefore, urine has been recommended to be kept acidic at pH 5 for analysis in order to prevent the hydrolysis and isomerisation of this metabolite. [19][20][21][22][23] Beermann et al 18 evidence of furosemide degradation in the upper digestive tract after analysing gastrointestinal aspirates and that furosemide was stable when incubated in gastric or duodenal juice, bile or urine for up to 2 h.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of furosemide in urine samples by direct injection in a micellar liquid chromatographic system

Carda‐Broch

Esteve‐Romero

Ruiz-Ángel

et al. 2001

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A sensitive, selective and efficient micellar liquid chromatographic (MLC) procedure was developed for the determination of furosemide (4-chloro-N-furfuryl-5-sulfamoylanthranilic acid) in urine samples by direct injection and UV detection. The procedure makes use of a C18 reversed-phase column and a micellar mobile phase of 0.05 mol l(-1) sodium dodecyl sulfate-6% v/v propanol and phosphate buffer at pH 3 to resolve furosemide from its photochemical degradation products. The importance of protecting the standards and urine samples to be analysed from light in the assay of furosemide, avoiding its degradation, was verified. The limit of quantification was 0.15 microg ml(-1) and the relative standard deviation of the inter-day assay was 0.8-0.04% in the 6-82 microg ml(-1) range. Detection of urinary excretion of furosemide was followed up to 12 h after ingestion of the drug by a healthy volunteer. No potential interference from the major metabolite (furosemide acylglucuronide) and its hydrolytic product (4-chloro-5-sulfamoylanthranilic acid) was observed. Commonly administered drugs also did not interfere. The proposed MLC procedure permits the rapid and reproducible measurement of low levels of furosemide in a small amount of urine.

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Stability of Furosemide in Aqueous Systems

Cited by 27 publications

References 6 publications

Effect of Cryogrinding on Chemical Stability of the Sparingly Water-Soluble Drug Furosemide

Effect of Cryogrinding on Chemical Stability of the Sparingly Water-Soluble Drug Furosemide

Hospital preparations of ethanol-free furosemide oral solutions

Determination of furosemide in urine samples by direct injection in a micellar liquid chromatographic system

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