Stability of liquid CO2 spheres covered with clathrate film when exposed to environment simulating the deep sea

Parameterization of drag and dissolution of rising CO2 drops in seawater

“…Of these values, using a reduction factor of 2 (stippled line) evidently fits the observed dissolution rate best. This is compatible with laboratory results [ Aya et al , 1992, 1997; Nishikawa et al , 1995]. Thus the matching Sherwood number becomes: Sh ≈ 2 + 0.35Re 0.5 Sc 0.33 .…”

Critical Conditions for CO2 Hydrate Films To Rest on Submarine CO2 Pond Surfaces: A Mechanistic Study

“…This droplet-pile hypothesis is solely based on visual observations in smallscale laboratory experiments (12,13), in which liquid CO2 was dripped through a fine tubular nozzle into freshwater or seawater, resulting in a piling of hydrate-covered CO2 drops up to the height of several centimeters. This droplet-pile hypothesis is solely based on visual observations in smallscale laboratory experiments (12,13), in which liquid CO2 was dripped through a fine tubular nozzle into freshwater or seawater, resulting in a piling of hydrate-covered CO2 drops up to the height of several centimeters.…”

“…In a recent paper of Teng (), for example, he asserted that liquid CO 2 injected into the deep ocean will be deposited in the form of a pile of hydrate-covered drops instead of a pond because hydrate films covering drops will prevent the drops from mutually coalescing into a continuous phase. This droplet-pile hypothesis is solely based on visual observations in small-scale laboratory experiments ( , ), in which liquid CO 2 was dripped through a fine tubular nozzle into freshwater or seawater, resulting in a piling of hydrate-covered CO 2 drops up to the height of several centimeters. It should be reminded, however, that in case of actual CO 2 disposal, liquid CO 2 will be discharged from a vertical pipe, presumably several tens of centimeters in diameter, into a basin to be deposited to several tens of meters (or more) in thickness, laterally extending to several hundred meters (at least).…”

Laboratory Experiments to Simulate Co2 Ocean Disposal

“…CO 2 hydrate that forms on CO 2 droplet surfaces in the deep ocean following jet breakup restricts the dissolution of the injected CO 2 (Aya et al, 1992;Nishikawa et al, 1995;Wong & Hirai, 1997;Hirai et al, 1997). This impacts the level and extent of acidification of seawater near the discharge location and, potentially, the effectiveness of this CO 2 sequestration technique.…”