Stability of Ni–yttria stabilized zirconia anodes based on Ni-impregnation

Klemensø, Trine; Thydén, Karl Tor Sune; Chen, Ming; Wang, Hsiang-Jen

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2010.05.047

Cited by 102 publications

(93 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…However, our results broadly agree; anode infiltration alone did not significantly enhance the electrochemical performance of commercial cells at intermediate temperatures, due to the dominance of cathode losses [26]. The benefit of anode infiltration in commercial cells may be more pronounced for long term stability and fuel impurity tolerance [8,27,28].…”

Section: Full Cell Electrochemical Performancesupporting

confidence: 69%

Infiltration of commercially available, anode supported SOFC’s via inkjet printing

Mitchell-Williams

Tomov

Saadabadi

et al. 2017

Mater Renew Sustain Energy

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Commercially available anode supported solid oxide fuel cells (NiO-8YSZ/8YSZ/LSCF-20 mm in diameter) were anode infiltrated with gadolinium doped ceria (CGO) using a scalable drop-on-demand inkjet printing process. Cells were infiltrated with two different precursor solutions-water based or propionic acid based. The saturation limit of the 0.5 lm thick anode supports sintered at 1400°C was found to be approximately 1wt%. No significant enhancement in power output was recorded at practical voltage levels. Microstructural characterisation was carried out after electrochemical performance testing using high resolution scanning electron microscopy. This work demonstrates that despite the feasibility of achieving CGO nanoparticle infiltration into thick, commercial SOFC anodes with a simple, low-cost and industrially scalable procedure other loss mechanisms were dominant. Infiltration of model symmetric anode cells with the propionic acid based ink demonstrated that significant reductions in polarisation resistance were possible.

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Section: Full Cell Electrochemical Performancesupporting

confidence: 69%

Infiltration of commercially available, anode supported SOFC’s via inkjet printing

Mitchell-Williams

Tomov

Saadabadi

et al. 2017

Mater Renew Sustain Energy

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“…21 With only 14 wt% Ni, nickel infiltrated gadolinia-doped ceria (GDC) electrodes reached a low ASR of 0.14 cm 2 in 50% H 2 -50% N 2 at 750 • C. 22 A nickel infiltrated YSZ electrode with 15 vol% nickel loading showed a polarization resistance of 0.25 cm 2 at 650 • C in 97% H 2 -3% H 2 O. 23 The * Electrochemical Society Member. z E-mail: JC5612@ic.ac.uk nickel particle size was only 10-100 nm by the impregnation route.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…27,28 Though impregnation has been an attractive fabrication route to produce better SOFC electrodes, the stability of the nickelimpregnated electrode still remains a barrier to commercialization. Klemensø et al 23 showed the nickel content is a decisive factor in determining the extent of degradation over time. Attempts were made by Miller et al 30 to relate the degradation manifest in anode polarization resistance to nickel particle size via a simple coarsening model.…”

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confidence: 99%

Characterization of Degradation in Nickel Impregnated Scandia-Stabilize Zirconia Electrodes during Isothermal Annealing

Chen

Bertei

Ruiz‐Trejo

et al. 2017

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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This study investigates the stability of nickel-impregnated scandia-stabilize zirconia composite electrodes during isothermal annealing at temperatures from 600 to 950 • C in a humidified hydrogen atmosphere (3 vol % water vapor). Typically an initial rapid degradation of the electrode during the first 17 h of annealing is revealed by both an increase in polarization resistance and a fall in electronic conductivity. Secondary electron images show a shift in nickel particle size toward larger values after 50 h of annealing. The declining electrochemical performance is hence attributed to nickel coarsening at elevated temperatures. Nickel coarsening has two microstructural effects: breaking up nickel percolation; and reducing the density of triple phase boundaries. Their impact on electrode area specific resistance is explored using a physical model of electrode performance which relates the macroscopic electrochemical performance to measurable microstructural parameters. The solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) offers both high conversion efficiency and low environmental pollution.1 When combined with a bottoming gas turbine generator, the resulting hybrid (SOFC-GT) system is capable of reaching 70% electrical efficiency.2,3 The typical operational temperature for an SOFC is in the range of 600• C to 1000 • C, depending on the design and the materials employed. Such high temperature operation makes it possible to use not only hydrogen, but also reformed hydrocarbon fuels, or even unreformed hydrocarbons (direct operation) if nickel-free anodes are employed.4,5 By recovering the waste heat, SOFCs can be used as a combined heat and power (CHP) unit with high electrical and total efficiencies. 6,7 At the SOFC anode, gaseous fuel molecules are oxidized by the oxide ions O 2− transported through the electrolyte, giving out electrons to an external circuit.8 Nickel-yttria-stabilize-zirconia (YSZ) cermet is the most widely-used SOFC anode material due to its low thermal expansion coefficient mismatch with the electrolyte 9 and the high electro-catalytic activity of nickel.10,11 8 mol% YSZ has an oxygen ionic conductivity of 0.164 S cm −1 at a temperature of 1000• C. 12 In comparison, 12 mol% scandia-stabilize-zirconia (ScSZ) has a higher conductivity of 0.300 S cm −1 at 1000 • C 13 and is preferable to YSZ for SOFCs working in the lower range of SOFC operating temperatures. 14,15 Conventionally nickel-based anodes are fabricated by mixing powders of NiO and the chosen ionic conductor and then reducing the NiO to Ni on first use of the cell. However, impregnation of a soluble nickel salt into a preformed ionically conducting porous skeleton has been investigated as an alternative fabrication technique because it gives a finer dispersion of Ni particles on reduction. 16,17 This has also been shown to be more redox stable.18 Impregnation has been shown to produce electrodes with superior electrochemical performance compared to the conventional route. For example, impregnating La 0.9 Sr 0.1 Ga 0.8 Mg 0.2 O 3-d (LSGM) with nickel pr...

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“…Such low fabrication temperatures allow for a wide range of catalyst admixtures, including Cu, to be introduced to the matrix, while significantly lowering the metal content required to obtain a fully percolated metal network. [27] It was demonstrated that percolation occurs at only 9-14 vol% for impregnated electrodes, compared to ca. 30 vol% required for conventional electrodes.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…30 vol% required for conventional electrodes. [25,27,28] Additionally, modelling studies and Focused Ion Beam (FIB) tomography have shown that the TPB density in infiltrated electrodes can be increased by an order of magnitude compared to conventional electrodes. [29,30] Another approach to the fabrication of Cu-based electrodes involves using refractory metal additives to promote sintering at lower temperatures.…”

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confidence: 99%

Carbon deposition behaviour in metal-infiltrated gadolinia doped ceria electrodes for simulated biogas upgrading in solid oxide electrolysis cells

Duboviks

Lomberg

Maher

et al. 2015

Journal of Power Sources

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Stability of Ni–yttria stabilized zirconia anodes based on Ni-impregnation

Cited by 102 publications

References 28 publications

Infiltration of commercially available, anode supported SOFC’s via inkjet printing

Infiltration of commercially available, anode supported SOFC’s via inkjet printing

Characterization of Degradation in Nickel Impregnated Scandia-Stabilize Zirconia Electrodes during Isothermal Annealing

Carbon deposition behaviour in metal-infiltrated gadolinia doped ceria electrodes for simulated biogas upgrading in solid oxide electrolysis cells

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