Stability of Roundheads Armoured With Cubes

Design of Vertical Breakwaters

“…Such a design allows for berm deformation which will end up forming an equilibrium slope. Berm breakwaters like these have been built in North America, Europe, and other places, and many studies have been carries out on them (Willis et al, 1987;Baird and Hall, 1984;Fournier et al, 1990;Burcharth et al, 1987Burcharth et al, , 1988. Note that the berm breakwater resembles much older rubble mound breakwaters, e.g., the Plymouth breakwater.…”

Damage pattern and damage progression on breakwater roundheads under multidirectional waves

“…No significant differences in roundhead stability between different types of armour units can be seen for roundhead stability in the investigations by Madrigal and Lozano (1992), who compared Accropodes and parallelepipedic blocks, and Berenguer and Baonza (1999), who compared antifer blocks and hollowed cubes. Jensen (1984), instead, found that interlocked units are more stable than massive units of the same mass but suggested, like Burcharth and Thompson (1983) and Burcharth et al (2003), that increasing mass density is a much more efficient way to improve stability. Finally, the effect of roundhead radius at sea water level R has been investigated by Jensen (1984), who observed that stability increases if the radius increases.…”

“…A large number of authors, e.g. Jensen (1984), Vidal et al (1991), Madrigal and Lozano (1992), Berenguer and Baonza (1999), Matsumi et al (2000), and Burcharth et al (2003), identified the effect of incident wave angle by observing that the most critical part of the roundhead is always in a sector between 90°and 150°from the wave mean direction. Maciñeira and Burcharth (2008) also observed for a cube armoured roundhead the critical sector to be from 90 to 135°in most of the tests.…”

“…The results obtained by Matsumi et al (1996) evidenced that the spatial correlation of velocity magnitudes around the roundhead is much stronger under long waves than under short waves. Burcharth et al (2003) identified a suitable parameter, given by a combination of H s , T m and D n , to characterize the threshold for damage initiation. A large number of authors, e.g.…”