Stability of SARS-CoV-2 on inanimate surfaces: A review

Xu, Jianlong; Xu, Chengyin; Chen, Ruilin; Yao, Yin; Wang, Zengliang; Li, Ké; Jin, Shi; Chen, Xi; Huang, Jia‐Qi; Ji, Hong; Yuan, Rui; Liu, Yuanhua; Li, Rui; Wang, Yizhen; Liu, Xin; Zhang, Zhijie

doi:10.1016/j.micres.2023.127388

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Previous studies have focused on developing genomic and numerical models to predict the water-based UV inactivation rate constants of viruses without considering the complexity of the water environment in actual disinfection situations. Besides, few studies modeled virus inactivation on the environmental surface, which is one of the most widespread scenarios where viruses are present daily . In this work, we have narrowed the gap between models and actual scenarios of coronavirus inactivation with ML by parametrizing protein contents in aqueous solutions and surface types as model variables and broadened the applicability of models for different subtypes of coronaviruses by numeralizing genetic information on all the studied coronaviruses as model features.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Besides, few studies modeled virus inactivation on the environmental surface, which is one of the most widespread scenarios where viruses are present daily. 45 In this work, we have narrowed the gap between models and actual scenarios of coronavirus inactivation with ML by parametrizing protein contents in aqueous solutions and surface types as model variables and broadened the applicability of models for different subtypes of coronaviruses by numeralizing genetic information on all the studied coronaviruses as model features. Then we obtained the optimal models from models trained based on five common algorithms with individual or combined datasets through cross-validation comparison and validated them with external validation data to ensure the reasonability in algorithm selection, scientificity in model training, and robustness of model performance.…”

Section: Environmental Science and Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Preparing for the Next Pandemic: Predicting UV Inactivation of Coronaviruses with Machine Learning

Huang,

Ma,

Huangfu

et al. 2023

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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The epidemic of coronaviruses has posed significant public health concerns in the last two decades. An effective disinfection scheme is critical to preventing ambient virus infections and controlling the spread of further outbreaks. Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation has been a widely used approach to inactivating pathogenic viruses. However, no viable framework or model can accurately predict the UV inactivation of coronaviruses in aqueous solutions or on environmental surfaces, where viruses are commonly found and spread in public places. By conducting a systematic literature review to collect data covering a wide range of UV wavelengths and various subtypes of coronaviruses, including severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2), we developed machine learning models for predicting the UV inactivation effects of coronaviruses in aqueous solutions and on environmental surfaces, for which the optimal test performance was obtained with R2 = 0.927, RMSE = 0.565 and R2 = 0.888, RMSE = 0.439, respectively. Besides, the required UV doses at different wavelengths to inactivate the SARS-CoV-2 to 1 Log TCID50/mL titer from different initial titers were predicted for inactivation in protein-free water, saliva on the environmental surface, or the N95 respirator. Our models are instructive for eliminating the ongoing pandemic and controlling the spread of an emerging and unknown coronavirus outbreak.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Environmental Science and Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparing for the Next Pandemic: Predicting UV Inactivation of Coronaviruses with Machine Learning

Huang,

Ma,

Huangfu

et al. 2023

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…We focused on stainless steel surfaces, which are frequently found in public buildings and clinical settings and are frequently touched. Previous studies have shown that CoVs exhibit greater stability on non-porous surfaces like metal, glass or plastic compared to porous surfaces, such as paper or fabrics 58 , 59 . Furthermore, viruses tend to be more stable at lower humidity levels and temperatures 59 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies have shown that CoVs exhibit greater stability on non-porous surfaces like metal, glass or plastic compared to porous surfaces, such as paper or fabrics 58 , 59 . Furthermore, viruses tend to be more stable at lower humidity levels and temperatures 59 . In our study, we demonstrated that FCoV remained infectious for 19–58 days at 20 °C and low RH, with the organic load significantly influencing the virus's stability.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stability of Feline Coronavirus in aerosols and dried in organic matrices on surfaces at various environmental conditions

Reissner,

Siller,

Bartel

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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Enveloped respiratory viruses, including the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), can be transmitted through aerosols and contact with contaminated surfaces. The stability of these viruses outside the host significantly impacts their transmission dynamics and the spread of diseases. In this study, we investigated the tenacity of Feline Coronavirus (FCoV) in aerosols and on surfaces under varying environmental conditions. We found that airborne FCoV showed different stability depending on relative humidity (RH), with higher stability observed at low and high RH. Medium RH conditions (50–60%) were associated with increased loss of infectivity. Furthermore, FCoV remained infectious in the airborne state over 7 h. On stainless-steel surfaces, FCoV remained infectious for several months, with stability influenced by organic material and temperature. The presence of yeast extract and a temperature of 4 °C resulted in the longest maintenance of infectivity, with a 5 log10 reduction of the initial concentration after 167 days. At 20 °C, this reduction was achieved after 19 days. These findings highlight the potential risk of aerosol and contact transmission of respiratory viruses, especially in enclosed environments, over extended periods. Studying surrogate viruses like FCoV provides important insights into the behavior of zoonotic viruses like SARS-CoV-2 in the environment.

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“…However, the stability of SARS-CoV-2 on various inanimate surfaces and its potential for surface transmission remain a concern. Xu et al [57] studied the effect of variations in temperature, relative humidity (RH), and initial virus titer and the factors influencing the half-life of SARS-CoV-2 on virus stability on six different contact materials: plastic, metal, glass, protective equipment, paper, and fabric. The half-lives of different contact materials ranged from 2 to 10 h, up to 5 days, and as low as 30 min at a temperature of 22 • C. In contrast, on porous surfaces, the half-life was typically 1 to 5 h, up to 2 days, and as short as 13 min at 22 • C. On non-porous surfaces, the half-life was longer, generally 5 to 9 h, up to 3 days, and as low as 4 min at the same temperature.…”

Section: Room Management and Occupancymentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Pharmacological Strategies and Interventions for Effective COVID-19 Control: A Narrative Review

Aho Glele,

de Rougemont

2023

JCM

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The COVID-19 pandemic had a devastating impact on the world, causing widespread illness and death. Focusing on prevention strategies to limit the spread of the disease remains essential. Despite the advent of vaccines, maintaining a vigilant approach to prevention remains paramount. We reviewed effective strategies to prevent COVID-19 transmission, including various prevention measures and interventions and both established practices and unresolved issues that have been addressed in meta-analyses, literature reviews, or in the health care context. Standard precautions are the cornerstone of infection control, with hand hygiene and mask use as key components. The use of surgical masks is recommended to prevent droplet transmission, while eye protection is recommended in combination with masks. In terms of room occupancy, ventilation is critical in reducing the risk of transmission in poorly ventilated environments. Chemical disinfection of indoor air with Triethylene glycol-based products can provide safe additional protection. Since viral RNA detection on surfaces does not necessarily indicate infectivity, the risk of transmission by surface contact remains low if surfaces are properly maintained and hand hygiene is practiced regularly. Thus, prevention of SARS-CoV-2 transmission requires a multifaceted approach, including reducing particle emissions from infected persons by wearing masks, eliminating aerosols by ventilation and air treatment, ensuring physical separation, and protecting exposed persons with masks and eye protection.

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Stability of SARS-CoV-2 on inanimate surfaces: A review

Cited by 10 publications

References 43 publications

Preparing for the Next Pandemic: Predicting UV Inactivation of Coronaviruses with Machine Learning

Preparing for the Next Pandemic: Predicting UV Inactivation of Coronaviruses with Machine Learning

Stability of Feline Coronavirus in aerosols and dried in organic matrices on surfaces at various environmental conditions

Non-Pharmacological Strategies and Interventions for Effective COVID-19 Control: A Narrative Review

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