Stability of solid electrolyte interphases and calendar life of lithium metal batteries

Abstract

Robust, flexible, and reusable solid electrolyte interphases and a minimal lithium/electrolyte interface area endow lithium metal batteries with a long-term calendar life.

Paradoxical role of structural degradation of nickel-rich layered oxides in capacity retention upon storage of lithium-ion batteries

“…For instance, while cycling up to high SoC regions generally accelerates cycle aging, [26][27][28][29] storage at high SoCs (90-100%) shows superior capacity retention to that at intermediate SoCs (60-80%). [30][31][32][33][34] Although LIBs in EVs often stay at high SoCs, the degradation of electrode materials during storage and its impact on battery performance has been largely overlooked because performance degradation is not apparent with well-maintained capacity after storage at high SoCs.…”

Steady cycling of lithium metal anode enabled by alloying Sn-modified carbon nanofibers

“…[4][5][6] Metallic Li, the ultimate "Holy Grail" electrode, is considered as the most promising anode candidate due to its low potential (−3.04 V vs. standard hydrogen electrode (SHE)), high specic capacity (3860 mA h g −1 ), and low density (0.59 g cm −3 ). [7][8][9] Nonetheless, serious parasite reduction reactions of electrolytes on the Li anode surface, with uncontrolled growth of Li dendrites, are caused by the essential thermodynamic instability of Li, and have seriously hindered its practical application. [10][11][12][13][14][15] The solidelectrolyte interphase (SEI) breaks under the innite volume variation of "hostless" Li (5 mm per 1 mA h cm −2 ) and is repaired aer exposure of fresh Li to the electrolyte during cycling.…”

Molecular Engineering toward Robust Solid Electrolyte Interphase for Lithium Metal Batteries

“…[9,10] Concretely, inhomogeneous nucleation and deposition of Li metal causes excessive growth of Li dendrites, which maximizes the possibility of separator punctures, thereby resulting in short circuits and fires. [11][12][13] The morphology of Li dendrites is categorized into three types, including needle-like, dendritic, and mossy, which is mainly attributed to the electrolyte composition and current density. [14,15] The protrusions with large curvature generate a higher electric field at the tip site, which is capable of attracting subsequent priority Li + deposition, thereby producing Li dendrites.…”