Stability of temperament in South Korean infants from 6 to 12 to 18 months: Moderation by age, gender, and birth order

Gartstein, Maria A.; Putnick, Diane L.; Kwak, Keumjoo; Hahn, Chun‐Shin; Bornstein, Marc H.

doi:10.1016/j.infbeh.2015.05.002

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 20 publications

(27 reference statements)

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“…Boys and girls showed no significant differences in infant temperament at 12 months old. This finding was consistent with previous studies [7,26,27]. Gartstein [7] explored the stability of infants' temperament by gender in a sample of 315 children from South Korea, which was the only non-Western study, and found no differences in temperament between boys and girls.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…This finding was consistent with previous studies [7,26,27]. Gartstein [7] explored the stability of infants' temperament by gender in a sample of 315 children from South Korea, which was the only non-Western study, and found no differences in temperament between boys and girls. However, research in Western countries found that temperament ratings differed significantly by infant gender.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…However, infant temperament differences are hypothesized to be biologically based [6]. In studying infants' temperaments, previous studies were restricted by infants' age, sex, and birth order, and there was less focus on the exploration of the natural, biological mechanisms associated with temperament such as gut microbiota, immune factors, and inflammatory cytokines [2,7,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Association between Gut Microbiota and Infant’s Temperament in the First Year of Life in a Chinese Birth Cohort

Wang

Chen

et al. 2020

Microorganisms

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Infant temperament characteristics play a critical role in children’s developmental pathways and can predict adulthood psychopathology. The diversity and composition of the gut microbiota are associated with human temperament in both adults and young children. However, the relationship between the gut microbiota and temperament in 12-month-old infants is rarely studied; this developmental period is when temperament reaches a relatively stable stage. We used high-throughput sequencing methods to explore whether temperament characteristics were associated with gut microbiota diversity and composition. Infants’ fecal samples were collected at 12 months of age for the gut microbiota analysis. Based on the primary caregivers’ reports, infants’ temperaments were measured using the Infant Behavior Questionnaire-revised (IBQ-R). This study included 51 infants, including 20 boys and 31 girls, with a mean age of 12.25 months. Results showed that soothability was positively correlated with maternal education level (β = 0.29, p = 0.043, adjust p = 0.025) and the abundance of Bifidobacterium genera (β = 0.62, p = 0.004, adjust p = 0.002). Conversely, cuddliness was negatively correlated with the abundance of Hungatella genera. There was no significant difference in temperament based on gender. This study demonstrated that gut microbiota composition was associated with temperament in 12-month-old infants. These results point to the importance of gut microbiota balance. Future studies on the mechanisms behind the gut microbiota affecting temperament are warranted.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Association between Gut Microbiota and Infant’s Temperament in the First Year of Life in a Chinese Birth Cohort

Wang

Chen

et al. 2020

Microorganisms

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“…Covariates were selected based on the review of existing literature: maternal sociodemographic background such as age, educational level or marital status [ 52 – 54 ], parity [ 55 – 57 ] and infant sex [ 58 ] have been considered known or suspected factors affecting child temperament.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parity moderates the effect of delivery mode on maternal ratings of infant temperament

et al. 2021

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Objective Cesarean section (CS) rates are rising rapidly around the world but no conclusive evidence has been obtained about the possible short- and long-term effects of CS on child behavior. We evaluated prospectively the association between CS and infant temperament across the first 9 postpartum months, controlling for indications for CS and investigating parity and infant sex as moderators. Methods The sample consisted of mothers and their healthy infants. Infant temperament was measured using the Infant Characteristics Questionnaire completed by the mothers at 6 weeks (n = 452) and 9 months (n = 258) postpartum. Mode of birth was classified into spontaneous vaginal birth (n = 347 for 6 weeks sample; 197 for 9 months sample), CS planned for medical reasons (n = 55; 28) and emergency CS (n = 50; 33). Results Multiple regression analysis revealed no main effects of birth mode, but showed a significant interaction between birth mode and parity indicating that emergency CS in firstborn infants was associated with more difficult temperament at 6 weeks. There were no significant associations between indications for CS and infant temperament, although breech presentation predicted difficult temperament at 9 months. Conclusion We largely failed to support the association between CS and infant temperament. Although our results suggest that emergency CS may be associated with temperament in firstborns, further research is needed to replicate this finding, preferably using observational measures to assess child temperament.

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“…Moreover, stability itself is not static, but dynamic, and many factors are acknowledged to moderate stability, including the characteristic studied, developmental stage, and the temporal interval between assessments. Culture is another such moderator, but using CFR data Gartstein, Putnick, Kwak, Hahn, and Bornstein (2015) found that European American and South Korean infants' temperaments are both stable.…”

Section: Cultural Similarities In Child Parent and Familymentioning

confidence: 99%

Culture and family functioning.

Bornstein

Lansford

2019

APA Handbook of Contemporary Family Psychology: Applications and Broad Impact of Family Psychology (Vol. 2).

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A growing body of developmental literature investigates whether and how child development, parenting, and family life are similar or different across cultures. Studies that address this theme primarily focus on mean level similarities and differences, and the purpose is often to identify society-general versus society-specific forms . This chapter first introduces our general orientation to culture and family life and next addresses the roles of culture in child development, parenting, and the family. The chapter then reviews our cross-cultural research programs. The bulk of the chapter describes findings on cultural similarities and differences in child, parent, and family and acculturation that sprang from our research programs. Some methodological issues and next steps in the future of research on culture, child development, parenting, and family life precede the conclusions.The vast majority of children in the world are born in low-income countries, but most of our knowledge about family life has emerged from high-income countries. For example, Tomlinson and Swartz (2003) published a survey of articles on infancy that appeared between 1996 and 2001 in major international scientific journals, reporting that a meager 5% of articles emanated from parts of the world other than North America, Western Europe, or Australasia. Later, Tomlinson, Bornstein, Marlow, and Swartz (2014) published a similar review of articles on infancy that appeared between 2002 and 2012 to assess whether the status of crossnational research had changed in the intervening decade. Despite slight improvements in research output from the rest of world, only 2.3% of articles published in 11 years included data from low-and middle-income countries-where 90% of the world' s infants and young children live. These discrepancies are still indicative of the progress needed to bridge the so-called "10/90 gap" in family life research. Thus, most contemporary understanding of child development, parenting, and family life is of Western European or North American origin, and perhaps 90% of the literature in developmental science emanates from regions of the world that account for perhaps 10% of the global population. In short, cross-national investigation is urgently required to ensure expansion of research to diverse settings and a greater representation of the world in the scientific literature.

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Stability of temperament in South Korean infants from 6 to 12 to 18 months: Moderation by age, gender, and birth order

Cited by 9 publications

References 20 publications

Association between Gut Microbiota and Infant’s Temperament in the First Year of Life in a Chinese Birth Cohort

Association between Gut Microbiota and Infant’s Temperament in the First Year of Life in a Chinese Birth Cohort

Parity moderates the effect of delivery mode on maternal ratings of infant temperament

Culture and family functioning.

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