Stability of within host HTLV-I/HIV-1 co-infection in the presence of macrophages

Ełaiw, A. M.; AlShamrani, N. H.; Dahy, Elsayed; Abdellatif, Ahmed

doi:10.1142/s1793524522500668

Int. J. Biomath.

2022

DOI: 10.1142/s1793524522500668

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Stability of within host HTLV-I/HIV-1 co-infection in the presence of macrophages

A. M. Ełaiw

N. H. AlShamrani

Elsayed Dahy

et al.

Abstract: The main target of both human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) is the CD[Formula: see text]T cell which is considered the key player in the immune system. Moreover, HIV-1 has another target that is the macrophages. The present paper aims to formulate and develop a mathematical model to analyze the interaction of two viruses, HIV-1 and HTLV-I with the immune system. We determine a bounded domain for the concentrations of the model’s compartments. We discuss th… Show more

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Cited by 4 publications

References 49 publications

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Dynamic analysis of a latent HIV infection model with CTL immune and antibody responses

Zhang,

Chen,

Wang

et al. 2023

Int. J. Biomath.

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This paper develops a mathematical model to investigate the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection dynamics. The model includes two transmission modes (cell-to-cell and cell-free), two adaptive immune responses (cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) and antibody), a saturated CTL immune response, and latent HIV infection. The existence and local stability of equilibria are fully characterized by four reproduction numbers. Through sensitivity analyses, we assess the partial rank correlation coefficients of these reproduction numbers and identify that the infection rate via cell-to-cell transmission, the number of new viruses produced by each infected cell during its life cycle, the clearance rate of free virions, and immune parameters have the greatest impact on the reproduction numbers. Additionally, we compare the effects of immune stimulation and cell-to-cell spread on the model’s dynamics. The findings highlight the significance of adaptive immune responses in increasing the population of uninfected cells and reducing the numbers of latent cells, infected cells, and viruses. Furthermore, cell-to-cell transmission is identified as a facilitator of HIV transmission. The analytical and numerical results presented in this study contribute to a better understanding of HIV dynamics and can potentially aid in improving HIV management strategies.

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Dynamic analysis of a latent HIV infection model with CTL immune and antibody responses

Zhang,

Chen,

Wang

et al. 2023

Int. J. Biomath.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Dynamical Properties of Discrete-Time HTLV-I and HIV-1 within-Host Coinfection Model

Ełaiw

Aljahdali

Hobiny

2023

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Infection with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) or human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) or both can lead to mortality. CD4+T cells are the target for both HTLV-I and HIV-1. In addition, HIV-1 can infect macrophages. CD4+T cells and macrophages play important roles in the immune system response. This article develops and analyzes a discrete-time HTLV-I and HIV-1 co-infection model. The model depicts the within-host interaction of six compartments: uninfected CD4+T cells, HIV-1-infected CD4+T cells, uninfected macrophages, HIV-1-infected macrophages, free HIV-1 particles and HTLV-I-infected CD4+T cells. The discrete-time model is obtained by discretizing the continuous-time model via the nonstandard finite difference (NSFD) approach. We show that NSFD preserves the positivity and boundedness of the model’s solutions. We deduce four threshold parameters that control the existence and stability of the four equilibria of the model. The Lyapunov method is used to examine the global stability of all equilibria. The analytical findings are supported via numerical simulation. The model can be useful when one seeks to design optimal treatment schedules using optimal control theory.

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Discretization and Analysis of HIV-1 and HTLV-I Coinfection Model with Latent Reservoirs

2023

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This article formulates and analyzes a discrete-time Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) coinfection model with latent reservoirs. We consider that the HTLV-I infect the CD4+T cells, while HIV-1 has two classes of target cells—CD4+T cells and macrophages. The discrete-time model is obtained by discretizing the original continuous-time by the non-standard finite difference (NSFD) approach. We establish that NSFD maintains the positivity and boundedness of the model’s solutions. We derived four threshold parameters that determine the existence and stability of the four equilibria of the model. The Lyapunov method is used to examine the global stability of all equilibria. The analytical findings are supported via numerical simulation. The impact of latent reservoirs on the HIV-1 and HTLV-I co-dynamics is discussed. We show that incorporating the latent reservoirs into the HIV-1 and HTLV-I coinfection model will reduce the basic HIV-1 single-infection and HTLV-I single-infection reproductive numbers. We establish that neglecting the latent reservoirs will lead to overestimation of the required HIV-1 antiviral drugs. Moreover, we show that lengthening of the latent phase can suppress the progression of viral coinfection. This may draw the attention of scientists and pharmaceutical companies to create new treatments that prolong the latency period.

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Stability of within host HTLV-I/HIV-1 co-infection in the presence of macrophages

Cited by 4 publications

References 49 publications

Dynamic analysis of a latent HIV infection model with CTL immune and antibody responses

Dynamic analysis of a latent HIV infection model with CTL immune and antibody responses

Dynamical Properties of Discrete-Time HTLV-I and HIV-1 within-Host Coinfection Model

Discretization and Analysis of HIV-1 and HTLV-I Coinfection Model with Latent Reservoirs

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