Stability tests performed on the triple GEM detector built using commercially manufactured GEM foils in India

Gola, M.; Malhotra, S.; Kumar, Ashok; Naimuddin, M.

doi:10.1088/1748-0221/14/08/p08004

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Variations in gain for the first hour can be linked to charging up phenomena caused by avalanche charge deposition on the GEM foils [30] this charging up is also seen in the foil's leakage current test. Gain during the next 17 hours, on the other hand, is linked to the GEM foil's polarisation phenomenon, which is well understood and can be found elsewhere [31]. For constant incoming photon flux, a similar trend in rate(7.5 kHz to 9.4 kHz) and detector current(6.4 nA to 10.5 nA) is seen over first one and half hour of time, leading to the conclusion that the detector is less efficient in the early hours and reaches its maximum and stable plateau after a few hours or complete charging of foils.…”

Section: Gain Stabilitymentioning

confidence: 76%

The qualification of GEM detector and its application to imaging

Ahmed¹,

Kumar²,

Naimuddin³

et al. 2022

J. Inst.

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The Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) is a new age detector, which can handle the high flux of particles. The GEM foil, which is constructed using 50 μm highly insulating foil (Kapton/Apical) coated with 5 μm layers of copper, on both sides, with a network of specifically shaped holes is the major component of these detectors. The European Center for Nuclear Research (CERN) has been the sole supplier of the GEM foils until recently when a few other companies started manufacturing GEM foils under the transfer of technology (TOT) agrement from CERN. Techtra is one such company in Europe which gained a right to use CERN developed technology in order to produce commercially viable GEM foils. Micropack Pvt. Ltd. is another company in India which has successfully manufactured good quality GEM foils. Due to the microscopic structure of holes and dependence on the electric field inside, it becomes essential to study the defect and uniformity of holes along with the electrical property of foils under ambient conditions. In this work we are reporting the tests condition of Techtra GEM foils. We report on the development of a cost effective and efficient technique to study the GEM foils holes geometry, distribution, and defects. We also report on the electrical properties of these foils like leakage current, stability, and discharges. At the detector level, we describe the high voltage (HV) response, gain, uniformity, and stability. The GEMs have been proposed to have a wider applications, so we performed a feasibility study to utilize these for the imaging. We irrediated various objects of varying density with X-rays and reconstructed the images. The reconstructed image shows a good distinction between materials of different densities, which can be very useful in various applications like medical imaging or cargo imaging.

show abstract

Section: Gain Stabilitymentioning

confidence: 76%

The qualification of GEM detector and its application to imaging

Ahmed¹,

Kumar²,

Naimuddin³

et al. 2022

J. Inst.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This charging up is also seen in the foil's leakage current test. Gain during the next 17 hours, on the other hand, is linked to the GEM foil's polarisation phenomenon, which is well understood and can be found elsewhere [31]. For constant incoming photon flux, a similar trend in rate(7.5 kHz to 9.4 kHz) and detector current(6.4 nA to 10.5 nA) is seen over first one and half hour of time, leading to the conclusion that the detector is less efficient in the early hours and reaches its maximum and stable plateau after a few hours or complete charging of foils.…”

Section: Gain Stabilitymentioning

confidence: 76%

The Qualification of GEM detector and its application to Imaging

Ahmed,

Kumar,

Naimuddin

et al. 2022

Preprint

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The Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) is a new age detector, which can handle the high flux of particles. The GEM foil, which is constructed using 50𝜇m highly insulating foil (Kapton/Apical) coated with 5𝜇m layers of copper, on both sides, with a network of specifically shaped holes is the major component of these detectors. The European Center for Nuclear Research (CERN) has been the sole supplier of the GEM foils until recently when a few other companies started manufacturing GEM foils under the transfer of technology (TOT) agrement from CERN. Techtra is one such company in Europe which gained a right to use CERN developed technology in order to produce commercially viable GEM foils. Micropack Pvt. Ltd. is another company in India which has successfully manufactured good quality GEM foils. Due to the microscopic structure of holes and dependence on the electric field inside, it becomes essential to study the defect and uniformity of holes along with the electrical property of foils under ambient conditions. In this work we are reporting the tests condition of Techtra GEM foils. We report on the development of a cost effective and efficient technique to study the GEM foils holes geometry, distribution, and defects. We also report on the electrical properties of these foils like leakage current, stability, and discharges. At the detector level, we describe the high voltage (HV) response, gain, uniformity, and stability. The GEMs have been proposed to have a wider applications, so we performed a feasibility study to utilize these for the imaging. We irrediated various objects of varying density with X-rays and reconstructed the images. The reconstructed image shows a good distinction between materials of different densities, which can be very useful in various applications like medical imaging or cargo imaging.

show abstract

“…The setup described in the figure 2(a) has been used to measure the charging up effect. The electrodes were powered up for more than 12 hours prior to start of the measurement to avoid the polarisation effect [11]. The 109 cd source was attached to the detector and the effective gain and energy spectrum have been obtained in the regular interval of 5 and 2 minutes respectively.…”

Section: Jinst 15 P02003 4 Charging Upmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ltd. situated in Bangalore started manufacturing both double mask [7,8] and single mask GEM foils. Initially, company produced 10 × 10 cm 2 double mask GEM foils and these foils were tested both at foil and detector level at the GEM test facility at Delhi University [9][10][11]. In the double mask etching technique, it is essential to keep the mask alignment between top and bottom layers within 5-10 µm, due to which the size of GEM foil is limited to few tens of cm 2 of area.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and qualification of triple-GEM detector built with large size single mask foils produced in India

et al. 2020

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The Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) is the new age detector for nuclear and particle physics experiments, which was first developed by the European Center for Nuclear Research (CERN). It is comprised of an excellent insulator (Kapton/Apical) having a thickness of 50 µm which is covered with 5 µm copper layer on both sides and pierced by a regular array of holes. From its invention, CERN has been the sole supplier of the GEM foils until recently when few private companies started manufacturing GEM foils under the transfer of technology (TOT) from CERN. However, it's a long process to validate the foils delivered by these companies to claim that the GEM detectors made from them are compatible with high scientific standards. Along these lines, an India based company Micropack Pvt. Ltd. began fabricating both double and single mask GEM foils; at first Micropack produced 10 × 10 cm 2 double mask foils which were tested both at foil and detector level by University of Delhi (DU) and it was confirmed to satisfy the required standards. Because of the double mask technique, the size of the GEM foil was constantly constrained so to overcome the confinement in size of GEM foils the single mask technique was developed in 2010. Micropack produced the first batch of 30 × 30 cm 2 single mask foils in a joint effort with DU. A triple-GEM detector was constructed using these foils to test the fundamental quality controls, which include effective gain measurement, energy spectrum, and gain uniformity. Along with this, we will also report on the few advance studies which include discharge probability, rate capability, and charging up for this detector and foils.

show abstract

Stability tests performed on the triple GEM detector built using commercially manufactured GEM foils in India

Cited by 6 publications

References 16 publications

The qualification of GEM detector and its application to imaging

The qualification of GEM detector and its application to imaging

The Qualification of GEM detector and its application to Imaging

Development and qualification of triple-GEM detector built with large size single mask foils produced in India

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