“…First, momentum does not exist in the calculation of the pressure gradient term, and second, because an oscillatory pressure solution is obtained, local particle motion, e.g., surface particles, etc., is not stable. Therefore, in the present research, the method proposed by Tanaka et al, 14) in which weak compressibility is introduced in the Poisson equation of pressure, as adopted in order to maintain a smooth pressure gradient, and the equation for the pressure gradient term proposed by Toyota et al 15) was used for conservation of momentum. (9) c, γ, v * , and ni k are the enlargement ratio of the diagonal component, a relaxation coefficient expressing conservation of volume, the hypothetical particle velocity, and the hypothetical particle number density, respectively.…”