Stabilization mechanisms of an ammonia/methane non-premixed jet flame up to liftoff

Colson, Sophie; Kühni, Manuel; Hayakawa, Akihiro; Kobayashi, Haruo; Galizzi, Cédric; Escudié, Dany

doi:10.1016/j.combustflame.2021.111657

Cited by 23 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Colson et al conducted an experimental study on the stabilization mechanism of CH 4 /NH 3 non-premixed jet flames. It was found that the flame position shifted toward the jet and downstream when ammonia was added to the fuel compared to the methane non-premixed jet flame . Skreiberg et al studied the oxidation of ammonia under fuel-rich conditions in the presence of H 2 , CO, and CH 4 below 1400 K .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was found that the flame position shifted toward the jet and downstream when ammonia was added to the fuel compared to the methane non-premixed jet flame. 21 Skreiberg et al studied the oxidation of ammonia under fuel-rich conditions in the presence of H 2 , CO, and CH 4 below 1400 K. 22 Tian et al studied a series of low-pressure premixed NH 3 /CH 4 /O 2 /Ar flames to determine the effect of different CH 4 /NH 3 molar ratios and proposed an NH 3 /methane premixed combustion chemistry based on the Skreiberg mechanism. In this study, ammonia was added to the fuel mixture only as a minor component.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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CH₄/NH₃ Flame Structure and Extinction Limit under Flame–Flame Interactions

Meng,

Chen,

Zheng

et al. 2024

ACS Omega

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Ammonia is considered to play an important role in replacing traditional fossil fuels in future energy systems. In the experimental study, CH4/NH3 flame was lit by applying a double-nozzle burner to gain insight into the structure, and the laminar diffusion flame structure, CH*/OH* intensity maximum, and flame size were analyzed by an ICCD camera. In addition, the extinction limit (lower limit) of the CH4/NH3 flame under different conditions was also studied. The results showed that with the increase of burner pitch, the two diffusion flames showed four states of merged flames, merging flames, inclining separated flames, and independent flames in turn. In the process of flame separation, the continuous pitch between merging flames was short. At this point, higher syngas flow could help increase the continuous pitch to keep merging form. The paper investigated the flame structure and found that the flame size would decrease when the NH3 content in the fuel was high. The flame stability also decreased with an increase of the NH3 content in the fuel. These findings provided experimental proof and a theoretical basis for future studies on the stability of CH4/NH3 co-firing.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CH₄/NH₃ Flame Structure and Extinction Limit under Flame–Flame Interactions

Meng,

Chen,

Zheng

et al. 2024

ACS Omega

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“…Several researchers have explored the potential combustion properties and chemical mechanism studies of ammonia/methane mixtures at ambient temperature and pressure (Khateeb et al, 2020;Colson et al, 2021;Xiao et al, 2020;Nozari and Karabeyoʇ;lu, 2015). For example., Jójka and Ślefarski.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Premixed combustion and emission characteristics of methane diluted with ammonia under F-class gas turbine relevant operating condition

Zhang

Zhao

et al. 2023

Front. Energy Res.

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Ammonia has been used on a small scale in other industrial equipment, such as gas turbines, as a carbon-free fuel. However, ammonia fuel suffers disadvantages such as high ignition temperature, low flame velocity and high NOx emissions. Doping with ammonia using a more reactive fuel, such as methane, can solve the above problems. Therefore, under the relevant operating conditions of the gas turbine (T = 723 K, p = 16.5 atm), the effect of ammonia content on the combustion and emission characteristics of laminar premixed methane flames was numerically investigated. This research uses the PREMIX code from ANSYS CHEMKIN-PRO 2020 and Okafor chemical kinetic mechanisms and provides a reference for our subsequent analysis of gas turbine operating conditions. Firstly, the emission data of major pollutants under different ammonia content (XNH3 = 0–1.0) and equivalent ratio (Φ = .6–1.4) were calculated. Then, the laminar premixed flame structure is analyzed under the lean fuel conditions associated with gas turbines (Φ = .6, .8). Finally, the effect of ammonia addition on the chemical reaction path of NO and CO emission was studied. The results show that ammonia/methane mixture fuel is more suitable for combustion at .6 < Φ < .8 under high temperature and pressure. High ammonia content (XNH3 > .6) and low equivalent ratio can reduce NO and CO emissions. The molar fractions of H, O, and OH radicals and flame temperature decreased with the increase in ammonia content. In addition, high temperature and high pressure conditions and ammonia content greatly influence the reaction path of NO and CO production. The increase in pressure resulted in a change in the primary reaction that produced NO. In conclusion, this study guides reducing the emission of NO and CO from lean side of gas turbine plants.

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“…Li et al [18] numerically studied the effects of the equivalence and H 2 addition ratios on the heat release characteristics of NH 3 /air flames and found that the reaction was dominated by the chemical effect at low H 2 addition, whereas it was dominated by the transport effect at high H 2 addition. Colson et al [19] used a nonpremixed jet burner to determine the effect of adding NH 3 on the flame stability of NH 3 /CH 4 /air diffusion flames. CH * chemiluminescence was used to identify the flame tip position, and the flame stabilization mechanisms were observed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Simulation of Ammonia Combustion at Different Hydrogen Peroxide Concentrations

Chen

2023

International Journal of Energy Research

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Ammonia (NH3) is a promising carbon-free fuel. However, modifying its high ignition temperature and low flame speed remains challenging. In this study, NH3 combustion was numerically investigated using hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) of different concentrations as the oxidizer to overcome these limitations. Adiabatic, free-propagating laminar burning velocities for NH3/H2O2/H2O mixtures were examined using a detailed chemical model. The maximum flame temperature between equivalence ratios is not considerably different at high concentrations of H2O2 (>80%), because the heat release is dominated by H2O2 decomposition. The equivalence ratio does not significantly affect the flame speed when the H2O2 concentration is less than 50%. The impact of H2O2 on the burning velocity at low concentrations is mainly attributed to the chemical effect. The chemical effect gradually decreases and the thermal effect increases because of the high heat release at high H2O2 concentrations. Moreover, the different concentrations of H2O2 consequently divide the flame into two sections. The first section is dominated by H2O2 reactions and the second by NH3 reactions. However, when the H2O2 concentration is 90 or 100%, flames do not appear in both sections. Finally, a quasilinear relationship between the flame speed and (NH2+OH)max mole fraction is identified.

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Stabilization mechanisms of an ammonia/methane non-premixed jet flame up to liftoff

Cited by 23 publications

References 30 publications

CH₄/NH₃ Flame Structure and Extinction Limit under Flame–Flame Interactions

CH₄/NH₃ Flame Structure and Extinction Limit under Flame–Flame Interactions

Premixed combustion and emission characteristics of methane diluted with ammonia under F-class gas turbine relevant operating condition

Numerical Simulation of Ammonia Combustion at Different Hydrogen Peroxide Concentrations

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Stabilization mechanisms of an ammonia/methane non-premixed jet flame up to liftoff

Cited by 23 publications

References 30 publications

CH4/NH3 Flame Structure and Extinction Limit under Flame–Flame Interactions

CH4/NH3 Flame Structure and Extinction Limit under Flame–Flame Interactions

Premixed combustion and emission characteristics of methane diluted with ammonia under F-class gas turbine relevant operating condition

Numerical Simulation of Ammonia Combustion at Different Hydrogen Peroxide Concentrations

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Product

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CH₄/NH₃ Flame Structure and Extinction Limit under Flame–Flame Interactions

CH₄/NH₃ Flame Structure and Extinction Limit under Flame–Flame Interactions