Stabilization of Desert Sand With Cement Kiln Dust Plus Chemical Additives in Desert Road Construction.

Abstract

& In desert areas where good material sources are limited, the environment is harsh, and the processing and haulage of conventional good quality materials to the site for pavement layers can be expensive and time-consuming. Alternative methods to use readily available materials, windblown sand in this case, should be considered. This paper presents the results of a laboratory investigation into the stabilization of desert sand with cement kiln dust (CKD) for use in road pavement structures. Stabilization of this sand with a waste product, CKD, was achieved, but as large amounts of CKD were needed to meet pavement layer standards, chemical additives were used to reduce the CKD requirement. Potential additivesÐsodium metasilicate and calcium chlorideÐwere selected on the basis of reports from earlier studies on sand±cement stabilization.

Stabilization of desert sands using municipal solid waste incinerator ash

“…The main reason for the increase in optimum water content is that larger quantities of water are required to hydrate the increased amount of ash. Baghdadi and Rahman (1990) and Freer-Hewish et al (1999) obtained similar trends for desert sand-cement klin dust (CKD) mixtures.…”

“…The stabilized soils behaved satisfactorily in most cases (Das, 1999). For sands different methods of stabilization were reported in the literature including the use of cement (Bell, 1993;Aiban, 1994;Al-Aghbari et al, 2003); cement-by-pass dust (Baghdadi and Rahman, 1990;Freer-Hewish et al, 1999;Al-Aghbari et al, 2003), bentonite (O'Sadnick et al, 1995), coal fly ash (Taha and Pradeep, 1997;Turner, 1997;Consoli et al, 2001) and asphalt (Wahab and Asi, 1997). Reinforcement of sand by fibers was also reported in the literature (Al-Khanbashi et al, 2000;Kaniraj and Havanagi, 2001;Consoli et al, 2002).…”

“…Average differences of less than 10% were considered acceptable in this study. Furthermore, the measured properties of the desert sand were compared to those published in the literature (Baghdadi and Rahman, 1990;Freer-Hewish et al, 1999;Al-Aghbari et al, 2003). Then the properties of the desert sand were used as a reference for accessing the validity of the measured properties of the sand-incinerator ash mixtures.…”

Uplift Performance of Plate Anchors in Cement-Stabilised Aeolian Sand

“…Various methods have been used to investigate different hardening additives and their potentials as stabilising agents for aeolian sands or sandy soils (Elipe and López-Querol 2014), such as cement (Aiban 1994;Al-Aghbari and Dutta 2005), cement kiln dust (Baghdadi and Rahman 1990;Freer-Hewish et al, 1999), bentonite and lime (Panwar and Ameta 2013), and polypropylene fibers (Santoni and Webster 2001;Parto and Kalantari 2011). A few studies of spread footings embedded in cement-treated sand backfills have shown a notable increase in the compressive (Stefanoff et al, 1983;Consoli et al, 2009Consoli et al, , 2003Shirvani et al, 2015) and tensile (Rattley et al, 2008;Consoli et al, 2013) bearing capacity of foundations.…”

Effect of polymer emulsion on the bearing capacity of aeolian sand under extreme confinement conditions

“…On the other hand, other alternative additives are in continuous development, aiming at overcoming the main drawbacks identified in the traditional options, although their utilization is still very limited. In such cases, chemical emulsions come into play as a very feasible and reasonable cheap solution, since several pieces of research have reported that significant improvements can be achieved with small amounts of such additives [31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39]. In particular, between the great number of available chemical stabilizers, polymer emulsions have been among of the most employed ones along the last decades, utilized as additives alternative to the most traditional ones or in conjunction with them, especially with cement [39].…”