Stabilization of phosphogypsum using class C fly ash and lime: assessment of the potential for marine applications

Utjecaj fosfogipsa na čvrstoću ekspanzivnog tla stabiliziranog vapnom

“…Godišnje se proizvede između 100 i 280 milijuna tona fosfogipsa diljem svijeta [42,43]. Taj izračun se temelji na općem pravilu da se na svaku proizvedenu tonu fosforne kiseline proizvede 4,5 -5 tona fosfogipsa [42,44,45]. U Indiji se godišnje proizvede 11 milijuna tona fosfogipsa [45].…”

Development of fly ash-based composite binder and its application in construction materials

“…The blends of 41% gypsum, 41% ordinary Portland cement (OPC) and 18% natural pozzolana attained a strength of up to 22 MPa after 95 days; a mixture composed of 75% fluorogypsum with blast furnace slag and metakaolin showed 14 MPa strength after 360 days of curing in wet conditions and blends of 30% fly ash, 40% metakaolin, 30% lime containing 10% anhydrous gypsum by weight of the binder developed a strength of up to 28 MPa after 28 days, as reported by various researchers (Colak, 2002;Fraire-Luna, Escalante-Garcia, & Gorokhovsky, 2006;Morsy, Alsayed, & Salloum, 2012). Considerable work has been done in China and other places (Rusch, Guo, & Roger, 2002;Singh & Garg, 1995;Weiguo, Mingkai, & Qinglin, 2007) to improve water resistance of binders based on fly ash, phosphogypsum/fluorogypsum and cement for use in construction.…”

Use of fly ash, phosphogypsum and red mud as a liner material for the disposal of hazardous zinc leach residue waste

“…Fly ash (FA), a solid by-product from coal combustion in electric power plants, is composed of metallic oxides, silicates and other particulate matter [5]. During the past 50 years, the use of coal to the generate electricity has increased substantially, as has the generation of fly ashes.…”