Stabilization of polyvinylchloride with phenolic compounds

Минскер, К. С.; Pakhomova, I.K.

doi:10.1016/0032-3950(69)90064-1

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Voskresensky, etc. [1,5,[9][10][11][12][13][14]. Basic researches allowed to develop philosophy of drawing up compoundings of PVC of compositions, to estimate influence of stabilizers, softeners and other additives on properties of polymeric materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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About Communication of the Comparative Properties Plasticized PVC Compositions and Quantities of Additives Used

Маскова

Yarmuhametova

Savicheva

2020

MSF

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In work influence of the main additives (a heat stabiliser, softener, an excipient) on physicomechanical properties of compositions on the basis of polyvinylchloride (PVC) is studied. It is noted that increase in content of additives in a system in the stated quantities leads to change of Shore hardness of A. and melt flow rate. The functional interrelation between the applied additives and properties of plastic compounds is established. The reliability of the received mathematical model and its applicability for prediction of properties of PVC compositions depending on structure of a compounding is proved.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The main lack of polyvinylchloride is its low thermal stability therefore one of the main components of PVC composition is the heat stabiliser. Use it allows to process PVC at a temperature above 140 °C at which the destruction of pure polymer begins [1,4,9,15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

About Communication of the Comparative Properties Plasticized PVC Compositions and Quantities of Additives Used

Маскова

Yarmuhametova

Savicheva

2020

MSF

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Thermal degradation of polyvinylchloride in phenolic solvents II

Varma

Grover

1972

Angew. Makromol. Chem.

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The thermal degradation of polyvinylchloride in 2-ally1 phenol, 2-allyl-6-methyl phenol and 2-methoxy-4-ally1 phenol (eugenol) has been investigated in an atmosphere of nitrogen in the temperature range 188-218°C. The reaction is very slow in eugenol. The activation energy was lower in eugenol(40 kcal/mole) than in 2-ally1 phenol (47 kcal/mole). The reaction is autocatalytic. The rate of dehydrochlorination in ethylbenzoate or methylsalicylate is suppressed by addition of small quantities of eugenol. The results have been explained on the bases of a free radical mechanism for the dehydrochlorination reaction. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG :Die Chlorwasserstoffabspaltung aus Polyvinylchlorid wurde in 2-Allylphenol, 2-illlyl-6-methylphenol und 2-Methoxy-4-allylphenol (Eugenol) unter Stickstoff im Bereich von 188-218°C untersucht. In Eugenol war die Reaktion langsam. In Eugenol war die Aktivierungsenergie niedriger (40 kcal/mole) als in 2-Allylphenol (47 kcal/mole) ; bei 2-Allyl-6-methylphenol lagen die Werte dazwischen. Die Reaktioii ist autokatalytisch. Die Chlorwasserstoffabspaltung wird in khylbenzoat und Methylsalizylat durch kleine Zusatze von Eugenol verlangsamt . Die Ergebnisse

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Cashewnut shell liquid: Characterization and studies of PVC degradation in solution

Varma

Dhara

Varma

et al. 1987

Angew. Makromol. Chem.

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Cashewnut shell liquid (CNSL), which is basically a mixture of several alkyl substituted phenols was characterized using ' H and "C-NMR, FT-IR, and mass spectroscopic techniques. The major constituent was found to be cardanol having one, two, or three double bonds in the alkyl side chain. Presence of one hydroxy group was confirmed by acetylation and H-NMR studies. Distillation of CNSL under atmospheric conditions resulted in partial oxidation of the side chain. Such an oxidation was confirmed by elemental analysis and FT-IR studies. Thermal degradation of poly(Viny1 chloride) (PVC) in CNSL was studied in nitrogen atmosphere in the temperature range of 180 -220 "C. Rate of dehydrochlorination of PVC was found to be lower in CNSL in comparison to the degradation in ethyl benzoate. An induction period ranging from 23 min to 55 min was observed in CNSL and was found to depend on the concentration of PVC in solution and temperature of dehydrochlorination. Activation energy for dehydrochlorination of PVC in CNSL was found to be 43 f 1 kcal/mol. Compatibility studies of PVC in CNSL were done using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Good plasticization was observed by blending PVC up to 10% of CNSL. Overall thermal stability of PVC was not altered by the presence of CNSL in these low concentrations. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG:CashewnuRschalendl (CNSL). eine Mischung aus verschiedenen alkylsubstituierten Phenolen, wurde durch I H-und I3C-NMR-, Fr'-IR-und massenspektroskopische Messungen charakterisiert . Cardanol mit einer, m e i oder drei Doppelbindungen in der Alkylseitenkette wurde als Hauptkomponente nachgewiesen. Die Anwesenheit einer Hydroxygruppe wurde durch Acetylierung und I H-NMR-Untersuchungen bewiesen. Die Destillation von CNSL unter atmosphtlrischen Bedingungen fiihrt zur partiellen Oxidation der Seitenkette. Eine solche Oxidation wurde durch Elementaranalyse und FT-IR-Untersuchungen bestltigt. Der thermische Abbau von Polyvinylchlorid (PVC) in CNSL wurde in Stickstoffatmosphtlre im Temperaturbereich von 180 -220°C untersucht. Die Geschwindigkeit der Dehydrochlorierung von PVC er-0 1987 Hiithig & Wepf Verlag, Basel 0003-3 146/87/$03.00 I. K. Varma, S. K. Dhara, M. Varma, andT. S. Biddapa wies sich in CNSL geringer als in Benzoeslureethylester. In CNSL wurde eine Induktionsperiode im Bereich von 23 bis 55 min festgestellt, die abhhgig ist von der Konzentration von PVC in der LGsung und von der Temperatur der Dehydrochlorierung. Die Aktivierungsenergie der Dehydrochlorierung von PVC in CNSL wurde zu 43 k 1 kcal/mol bestimmt. Die Mischbarkeit von PVC und CNSL wurde mit Hilfe der Differentialkalorimetrie (DSC) untersucht. Durch Mischen von PVC mit bis zu 10% CNSL wurde eine gute Weichmachung erreicht. Die allgemeine thermische Stabilitit von PVC wird durch die Anwesenheit von CNSL in diesen geringen Konzentrationen nicht verindert.

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Stabilization of polyvinylchloride with phenolic compounds

Cited by 6 publications

References 5 publications

About Communication of the Comparative Properties Plasticized PVC Compositions and Quantities of Additives Used

About Communication of the Comparative Properties Plasticized PVC Compositions and Quantities of Additives Used

Thermal degradation of polyvinylchloride in phenolic solvents II

Cashewnut shell liquid: Characterization and studies of PVC degradation in solution

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