Stabilizing enzymes by immobilization on bacterial spores: A review of literature

Ugwuodo, Chika Jude; Nwagu, Tochukwu Nwamaka

doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.10.171

Cited by 24 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 120 publications

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“…B. subtilis spores are also known to be effective biopesticides. The use of spores for enzyme immobilization is actively explored (Ugwuodo and Nwagu 2020). Compared to other immobilization supports, spores are very cheap, and several studies have highlighted the positive effects of spore immobilization on enzyme activity, stability and recovery (Falahati-Pour et al 2015;Hosseini-Abari et al 2016;Peng et al 2020;Song et al 2019).…”

Section: Spores In Industrial Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sporulation in solventogenic and acetogenic clostridia

Diallo

Kengen

López-Contreras

2021

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol

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The Clostridium genus harbors compelling organisms for biotechnological production processes; while acetogenic clostridia can fix C1-compounds to produce acetate and ethanol, solventogenic clostridia can utilize a wide range of carbon sources to produce commercially valuable carboxylic acids, alcohols, and ketones by fermentation. Despite their potential, the conversion by these bacteria of carbohydrates or C1 compounds to alcohols is not cost-effective enough to result in economically viable processes. Engineering solventogenic clostridia by impairing sporulation is one of the investigated approaches to improve solvent productivity. Sporulation is a cell differentiation process triggered in bacteria in response to exposure to environmental stressors. The generated spores are metabolically inactive but resistant to harsh conditions (UV, chemicals, heat, oxygen). In Firmicutes, sporulation has been mainly studied in bacilli and pathogenic clostridia, and our knowledge of sporulation in solvent-producing or acetogenic clostridia is limited. Still, sporulation is an integral part of the cellular physiology of clostridia; thus, understanding the regulation of sporulation and its connection to solvent production may give clues to improve the performance of solventogenic clostridia. This review aims to provide an overview of the triggers, characteristics, and regulatory mechanism of sporulation in solventogenic clostridia. Those are further compared to the current knowledge on sporulation in the industrially relevant acetogenic clostridia. Finally, the potential applications of spores for process improvement are discussed.Key Points• The regulatory network governing sporulation initiation varies in solventogenic clostridia.• Media composition and cell density are the main triggers of sporulation.• Spores can be used to improve the fermentation process.

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Section: Spores In Industrial Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sporulation in solventogenic and acetogenic clostridia

Diallo

Kengen

López-Contreras

2021

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol

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“…Bacillus spp. Gram-positive rods have a distinct advantage over Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium for use as probiotics due to (1) the ability of sporulation to survive environmental stress, preparation conditions, and application processes; (2) their tolerance to low pH, bile salts, and other harsh conditions in the gastric environment; (3) the maintenance of their viability and desirable characteristics within the gastrointestinal tract (GIT); and (4) their ability to form biofilms to release biochemical compounds [ 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 ]. The most commonly used commercial Bacillus probiotic strains include B. amyloliquefaciens , B. cereus , B. clausii , B. licheniformis , and B. subtilis ( Table 1 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacillus subtilis-Based Probiotic Improves Skeletal Health and Immunity in Broiler Chickens Exposed to Heat Stress

Jiang

Yan

et al. 2021

Animals

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The elevation of ambient temperature beyond the thermoneutral zone leads to heat stress, which is a growing health and welfare issue for homeothermic animals aiming to maintain relatively constant reproducibility and survivability. Particularly, global warming over the past decades has resulted in more hot days with more intense, frequent, and long-lasting heat waves, resulting in a global surge in animals suffering from heat stress. Heat stress causes pathophysiological changes in animals, increasing stress sensitivity and immunosuppression, consequently leading to increased intestinal permeability (leaky gut) and related neuroinflammation. Probiotics, as well as prebiotics and synbiotics, have been used to prevent or reduce stress-induced negative effects on physiological and behavioral homeostasis in humans and various animals. The current data indicate dietary supplementation with a Bacillus subtilis-based probiotic has similar functions in poultry. This review highlights the recent findings on the effects of the probiotic Bacillus subtilis on skeletal health of broiler chickens exposed to heat stress. It provides insights to aid in the development of practical strategies for improving health and performance in poultry.

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“…Bacteriophages, spores, yeast, and bacterial cells can be used as enzyme carriers in socalled surface protein display systems [186,187]. E. coli bacterium is one of the most studied cells for enzyme surface display.…”

Section: Bio-surface Display Of Enzymesmentioning

confidence: 99%

From Enzyme Stability to Enzymatic Bioelectrode Stabilization Processes

et al. 2021

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Bioelectrocatalysis using redox enzymes appears as a sustainable way for biosensing, electricity production, or biosynthesis of fine products. Despite advances in the knowledge of parameters that drive the efficiency of enzymatic electrocatalysis, the weak stability of bioelectrodes prevents large scale development of bioelectrocatalysis. In this review, starting from the understanding of the parameters that drive protein instability, we will discuss the main strategies available to improve all enzyme stability, including use of chemicals, protein engineering and immobilization. Considering in a second step the additional requirements for use of redox enzymes, we will evaluate how far these general strategies can be applied to bioelectrocatalysis.

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Stabilizing enzymes by immobilization on bacterial spores: A review of literature

Cited by 24 publications

References 120 publications

Sporulation in solventogenic and acetogenic clostridia

Sporulation in solventogenic and acetogenic clostridia

Bacillus subtilis-Based Probiotic Improves Skeletal Health and Immunity in Broiler Chickens Exposed to Heat Stress

From Enzyme Stability to Enzymatic Bioelectrode Stabilization Processes

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