Stable and High‐Power Calcium‐Ion Batteries Enabled by Calcium Intercalation into Graphite

Park, Jooha; Xu, Zheng; Yoon, Gabin; Park, Sung Kwan; Wang, Jian; Hyun, Hyejeong; Park, Hyeokjun; Lim, Jongwoo; Ko, Yoon‐Joo; Yun, Young Soo; Kang, Kisuk

doi:10.1002/adma.201904411

Cited by 107 publications

(102 citation statements)

References 40 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

102

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…A more recent study also revealed that the room-temperature electrochemical insertion of Ca 2+ in a graphite electrode is feasible utilizing the co-intercalation reaction (Park et al, 2019). Park et al demonstrated that a graphite cell with 0.5 M Ca(BH 4 ) 2 in dimethylacetamide (DMAc) as the electrolyte exhibited a reversible capacity of 97 mAh g −1 at the first cycle, which was stably retained in subsequent cycles.…”

Section: Multi-valent Cation Co-intercalationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In operando XRD data suggested that an analogous staging process to that of Na co-intercalation occurred in the Ca electrochemical cell, confirming the co-intercalation. Additionally, a possible Ca 2+ -DMAc complex structure was proposed based on the results of solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and DFT calculation, as depicted in Figure 6E (Park et al, 2019). Prabakar et al reported that the use of 1 M Ca(TFSI) 2 in tetraglyme as the electrolyte could also enable Ca 2+ -ion intercalation together with the ether solvent.…”

Section: Multi-valent Cation Co-intercalationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The minimized interaction between the solvated guest ions and graphene layers also contributes to the rapid diffusion of the intercalant in graphite. For example, DMAc-solvated-Ca ions were readily intercalated into graphite (Park et al, 2019), delivering an exceptionally high rate capability up to 2 A g −1 , with 75% of the specific capacity maintained at 0.05 A g −1 . The fast intercalation kinetics are beneficial for achieving high-powerdensity full cells; for example, graphite//Na 1.5 VPO 4.8 F 0.7 full cells possessed the highest-ever reported power density of 3,863 Wh kg −1 among Na-ion batteries (Xu et al, 2019).…”

Section: Advantages and Challenges For Solvated-ion Intercalationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In commercial LIB configurations, the swelling of the external dimensions of batteries is generally limited to below 5% to guarantee the safety and stability of battery packs (Dash and Pannala, 2016). However, the co-intercalation of graphite typically involves large volume variations (200-300% for [Naether] + (Kim et al, 2015b) and 215% for [Ca-DMAc] 2+ (Park et al, 2019) co-intercalation, respectively). Recently, an etheramine co-solvent electrolyte was reported to significantly reduce the volume change of graphite during discharge compared with the pure ether system (Zhang et al, 2018).…”

Section: Batteries/ Electrodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, our group (Kim et al, 2015a) and (Jache and Adelhelm, 2014) independently observed that Na can be reversibly stored in graphite in a large quantity through co-intercalation reactions, where solvated Na ions are intercalated together into graphite galleries, forming a ternary GIC (t-GIC) ( Figure 1B). Motivated by these findigs (Kim et al, 2015b;Seidl et al, 2017), the cointercalation of other ions (i.e., Li + , K + , Mg 2+ , Ca 2+ ) in graphite (Kim et al, 2016b(Kim et al, , 2017Kim D. M. et al, 2018;Park et al, 2019;Prabakar et al, 2019) and the electrochemical performance of cointercalated graphite (Cohn et al, 2016a;Hasa et al, 2016) have been extensively investigated in recent years.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Solvated Ion Intercalation in Graphite: Sodium and Beyond

Park

Kang

2020

Front. Chem.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Reversible intercalation of guest ions in graphite is the key feature utilized in modern battery technology. In particular, the capability of Li-ion insertion into graphite enabled the successful launch of commercial Li-ion batteries 30 years ago. On the road to explore graphite as a universal anode for post Li-ion batteries, the conventional intercalation chemistry is being revisited, and recent findings indicate that an alternative intercalation chemistry involving the insertion of solvated ions, designated as co-intercalation, could overcome some of the obstacles presented by the conventional intercalation of graphite. As an example, the intercalation of Na ions into graphite for Na-ion batteries has been perceived as being thermodynamically impossible; however, recent work has revealed that a large amount of Na ions can be reversibly inserted in graphite through solvated-Na-ion co-intercalation reactions. More recently, it has been extensively demonstrated that with appropriate electrolyte selection, not only Na ions but also other ions such as Li, K, Mg, and Ca ions can be co-intercalated into a graphite electrode, resulting in high capacities and power capabilities. The co-intercalation reaction shares a lot in common with the conventional intercalation chemistry but also differs in many respects, which has attracted tremendous research efforts in terms of both fundamentals and practical applications. Herein, we aim to review the progress made in understanding the solvated-ion intercalation mechanisms in graphite and to comprehensively summarize the state-of-the-art achievements by surveying the correlations among the guest ions, co-intercalation conditions, and electrochemical performance of batteries. In addition, the advantages and challenges related to the practical application of graphite undergoing co-intercalation reactions are presented.

show abstract

Section: Multi-valent Cation Co-intercalationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Multi-valent Cation Co-intercalationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Advantages and Challenges For Solvated-ion Intercalationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Batteries/ Electrodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Solvated Ion Intercalation in Graphite: Sodium and Beyond

Park

Kang

2020

Front. Chem.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Cathode Design for Aqueous Rechargeable Multivalent Ion Batteries: Challenges and Opportunities

Liu

Jiang

et al. 2021

Adv Funct Materials

124

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

With the rapid growth in energy consumption, renewable energy is a promising solution. However, renewable energy (e.g., wind, solar, and tidal) is discontinuous and irregular by nature, which poses new challenges to the new generation of large‐scale energy storage devices. Rechargeable batteries using aqueous electrolyte and multivalent ion charge are considered more suitable candidates compared to lithium‐ion and lead‐acid batteries, owing to their low cost, ease of manufacture, good safety, and environmentally benign characteristics. However, some substantial challenges hinder the development of aqueous rechargeable multivalent ion batteries (AMVIBs), including the narrow stable electrochemical window of water (≈1.23 V), sluggish ion diffusion kinetics, and stability issues of electrode materials. To address these challenges, a range of encouraging strategies has been developed in recent years, in the aspects of electrolyte optimization, material structure engineering and theoretical investigations. To inspire new research directions, this review focuses on the latest advances in cathode materials for aqueous batteries based on the multivalent ions (Zn2+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Al3+), their common challenges, and promising strategies for improvement. In addition, further suggestions for development directions and a comparison of the different AMVIBs are covered.

show abstract

A Ca‐Ion Electrochromic Battery via a Water‐in‐Salt Electrolyte

Tong

Kang

Wan

et al. 2021

Adv Funct Materials

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Multivalent-ion batteries with electrochromic functionality are an emerging green technology for development of low-carbon society. Compared to Mg 2+ , Zn 2+ and Al 3+ , Ca 2+ has a low polarization strength similar to that of Li + , therefore Ca 2+ for electrochromism and battery can avoid kinetic issues caused by other multivalent-ions with high polarization strength. Here, by exploiting Ca-ion carriers for electrochromism and a water-in-salt (WIS) Ca(OTF) 2 electrolyte for the first time, a new and safe aqueous Ca-ion electrochromic battery (CIEB) has been demonstrated. The WIS Ca(OTF) 2 electrolyte demonstrates enhanced anion-cation interactions and decreased water activity. Vanadium oxide (VO x ) and indium hexacyanoferrate (InHCF) films are respectively developed as anode and cathode because of their stable and high-rate Ca 2+ insertion/extraction, as well as matched electrochromism. The CIEB demonstrates a stable and high-rate capability, a high energy density of 51.4 mWh m −2 at a power density of 1737.3 mW m −2 , and a greenish yellow-to-black electrochromism. The presented results are beneficial for understanding redox kinetics in WIS electrolytes, and inspire researches on batteries and electrochromism with multivalent-ions.

show abstract

Stable and High‐Power Calcium‐Ion Batteries Enabled by Calcium Intercalation into Graphite

Cited by 107 publications

References 40 publications

Solvated Ion Intercalation in Graphite: Sodium and Beyond

Solvated Ion Intercalation in Graphite: Sodium and Beyond

Cathode Design for Aqueous Rechargeable Multivalent Ion Batteries: Challenges and Opportunities

A Ca‐Ion Electrochromic Battery via a Water‐in‐Salt Electrolyte

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About