Stable Casimir equilibria and quantum trapping

Zhao, Rongkuo; Li, Lin; Yang, Sui; Bao, Wei; Yang, Xun; Ashby, Paul D.; Wang, Yuan; Zhang, Xiang

doi:10.1126/science.aax0916

Cited by 96 publications

(103 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…As uniform media have no reason to exert any force inside them, the difference, if finite, gives the physically relevant energy density and pressure. Note that it is essential to remove the infinite contribution locally; a hypothetical overall infinite baseline is ruled out by experiments [20,21].…”

Section: Lifshitz Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Lifshitz theory of the cosmological constant

Leónhardt

2019

Annals of Physics

105

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Astrophysics has given empirical evidence for the cosmological constant that accelerates the expansion of the universe. Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics has proven experimentally that the quantum vacuum exerts forces -the van der Waals and Casimir forces -on neutral matter. It has long been conjectured [Ya. B. Zel'dovich, Usp. Fiz. Nauk 95, 209 (1968)] that the two empirical facts, the cosmological constant and the Casimir force, have a common theoretical explanation, but all attempts of deriving both from a unified theory in quantitative detail have not been successful so far. In AMO Physics, Lifshitz theory has been the standard theoretical tool for describing the measured forces of the quantum vacuum. This paper develops a version of Lifshitz theory that also accounts for the electromagnetic contribution to the cosmological constant. Assuming that the other fields of the Standard Model behave similarly, gives a possible quantum-optical explanation for what has been called dark energy.1 To a good approximation, the universe is spatially flat [12] such that Friedmann's Eq. (12) holds. Relating the mass density to the energy density as /c 2 gives the quoted approximate value of for the Hubble constant H = 2.2 × 10 −18 Hz from CMB measurements [8].2 Gordon's metric [26] was rediscovered several times, see Refs. [27,28,29].

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Section: Lifshitz Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Lifshitz theory of the cosmological constant

Leónhardt

2019

Annals of Physics

105

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“…In 2009, the first measurement of the long-range repulsive Casimir force was reported using a gold sphere, a silica plate, and a fluid of bromobenzene [59], which suggests a potential way to mitigate stiction problems in microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) or nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS), and also suggests the possibility of other intriguing phenomena, such as quantum levitation, superlubricity [76], and stable mechanical suspension of objects in fluids [77]. Recently, a teflon-coated gold surface was also used to stably trap a gold nanoplate in ethanol [78], and new theoretical approaches are being developed to analyze other geometries in a fluid [79]. For optically anisotropic materials, it has been pointed out that two identical birefringent materials can lead to repulsion for particular orientations of the objects, provided the optical properties are specifically chosen [80].…”

Section: Effect Of Dielectric Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

Recent progress in engineering the Casimir effect – applications to nanophotonics, nanomechanics, and chemistry

et al. 2020

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Quantum optics combines classical electrodynamics with quantum mechanics to describe how light interacts with material on the nanoscale, and many of the tricks and techniques used in nanophotonics can be extended to this quantum realm. Specifically, quantum vacuum fluctuations of electromagnetic fields experience boundary conditions that can be tailored by the nanoscopic geometry and dielectric properties of the involved materials. These quantum fluctuations give rise to a plethora of phenomena ranging from spontaneous emission to the Casimir effect, which can all be controlled and manipulated by changing the boundary conditions for the fields. Here, we focus on several recent developments in modifying the Casimir effect and related phenomena, including the generation of torques and repulsive forces, creation of photons from vacuum, modified chemistry, and engineered material functionality, as well as future directions and applications for nanotechnology.

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“…Taking advantages of the abundant local resonance modes of sub-wavelength nanostructures, such as waveguide modes, Mie scattering modes and near-field modes, metalens provides the possibilities to manipulate the optical fields with high degree of freedom. On the other hand, as the development of fabrication techniques, many novel Quantum effects and modes such as Casimir effect and large nonlinearity are exploited [208,209]. We believe the rapid development of metalens will make a difference in future photonic and quantum techniques, at least partially replacing conventional optical devices.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diffractive metalens: from fundamentals, practical applications to current trends

Liu

Cheng

Tian

et al. 2020

Advances in Physics: X

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Traditional optical lenses and the corresponding imaging systems, which are based on the optical paths when light propagates inside the bulky media, usually suffer from the bulky size, Abbe-Rayleigh diffraction restricted resolution, and limited responses to different kinds of incident light. Recently, the burgeoning development of metasurfaces comprised of artificial micro-or nano-structures at the subwavelength scale has drawn more and more attentions of the scientific community due to the intriguing abilities such as efficient light-matter interactions and multi-dimensional manipulation of optical waves, which provide profound potentials to realize functional metalens with an ultrahigh numerical aperture (NA) and with super-resolution focal spots on a compact size. Here, the research motivations, the broad outline and the recent advances of planar diffractive metalens are summarized, including the principles of metalens design, the basic components of metalens, and the development of metalens systems. Various approaches to remove the focusing aberrations are presented, which is the essential condition to realize metalens objectives and microscopy. Different types of novel metalenses are revealed, such as label-free sub-resolution metalens, nonlinear metalens, artificial intelligence-aided metalens, multifunctional metalens and reconfigurable metalens. Challenges and future goals are also presented at the end the review.

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Stable Casimir equilibria and quantum trapping

Cited by 96 publications

References 34 publications

Lifshitz theory of the cosmological constant

Lifshitz theory of the cosmological constant

Recent progress in engineering the Casimir effect – applications to nanophotonics, nanomechanics, and chemistry

Diffractive metalens: from fundamentals, practical applications to current trends

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