Stable Cycling of SiO2 Nanotubes as High-Performance Anodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries

Favors, Zachary; Wang, Wei; Bay, Hamed Hosseini; George, Aaron; Ozkan, Mihrimah; Ozkan, Cengiz S.

doi:10.1038/srep04605

Cited by 213 publications

(167 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…However, many functional electrode materials undergo a significant volume change during the insertion of Li + ions5, 6 that can induce high local strains and severe mechanical degradation7 leading to capacity fade and reduced performance. Furthermore, understanding the interaction between electrochemically active materials and the mechanical design of commercial batteries is becoming increasingly important particularly with the introduction of advanced materials with high specific capacities and a large degree of motion and morphological evolution during lithiation 8, 9. This displacement of active materials can lead to contact loss between the current collector and electrode material which is thought to be one of the primary mechanisms for increased cell impedance during cycling 10, 11.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying Bulk Electrode Strain and Material Displacement within Lithium Batteries via High‐Speed Operando Tomography and Digital Volume Correlation

et al. 2015

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Tracking the dynamic morphology of active materials during operation of lithium batteries is essential for identifying causes of performance loss. Digital volume correlation (DVC) is applied to high‐speed operando synchrotron X‐ray computed tomography of a commercial Li/MnO2 primary battery during discharge. Real‐time electrode material displacement is captured in 3D allowing degradation mechanisms such as delamination of the electrode from the current collector and electrode crack formation to be identified. Continuum DVC of consecutive images during discharge is used to quantify local displacements and strains in 3D throughout discharge, facilitating tracking of the progression of swelling due to lithiation within the electrode material in a commercial, spiral‐wound battery during normal operation. Displacement of the rigid current collector and cell materials contribute to severe electrode detachment and crack formation during discharge, which is monitored by a separate DVC approach. Use of time‐lapse X‐ray computed tomography coupled with DVC is thus demonstrated as an effective diagnostic technique to identify causes of performance loss within commercial lithium batteries; this novel approach is expected to guide the development of more effective commercial cell designs.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying Bulk Electrode Strain and Material Displacement within Lithium Batteries via High‐Speed Operando Tomography and Digital Volume Correlation

et al. 2015

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“…Hollow porous SiO 2 nanocubes prepared via a two-step hard-template process exhibited a reversible capacity of 919 mAh g À1 over 30 cycles at the current density of 100 mA g À1 between 3 and 0 V [429]. In the same way, SiO 2 nanotubes fabricated via a facile two step hard-template growth method exhibited a highly stable reversible capacity of 1266 mAh g À1 after 100 cycles with negligible capacity fading [430]. In both cases, the hollow morphology of the SiO 2 nanotubes or nanocubes accommodates the large volume expansion experienced by Si-based anodes during lithiation and promotes preservation of the solid electrolyte interphase layer.…”

Section: Si Oxidesmentioning

confidence: 79%

Anodes for Li-Ion Batteries

et al. 2016

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Lithium-ion batteries (LiBs) have made considerable progress since the first commercial one by Sony in 1991, which had LiCoO 2 and graphite as active elements of the positive and negative electrodes, respectively. The LiBs are now the primary energy storage devices in the transportation and communications, from portable use in computers, up to electric and hybrid vehicles. More recently, they have also been used as back-up supply units, frequency regulators (load leveling) to integrate on smart grids the electricity produced by windmills and photovoltaic plants (for a recent review, see [1]). These applications require high energy densities, high power, and safety among others. Considerable efforts have been made to propose other electrodes to fulfill these requirements. We have recently reviewed the works and progress concerning the materials for the positive electrode [2][3][4][5][6]. The present work is devoted to the materials for the negative electrode counterpart. It is common to use the terminology anode and cathode for the negative and positive electrodes, respectively, although the electrodes play alternatively the role of anode and cathode during the charge and discharge process. We shall use this terminology in the following for conciseness purposes only.An ideal active anode element should fulfill the following requirements as follows: (1) It must be light and accommodate as much Li as possible to optimize the gravimetric capacity. (2) Its redox potential with respect to Li 0 /Li + must be as small as possible at any Li-concentration. The reason is that this potential is subtracted to the redox potential of the cathode material to give the overall voltage of the cell, and smaller voltage means smaller energy density. (3) It must possess good electronic and ionic conductivities since faster motion of the lithium ions and the electrons also mean higher power density of the cell. (4) It must not be soluble in the solvents of the electrolyte and not react with the lithium salt. (5) It must be safe, i.e. avoid any thermal runaway of the battery, a criterion that is not independent of the previous one, but deserves special attention, especially for use in transportation such as electric vehicles and planes. (6) It must be cheap and environmentally friendly. The different materials proposed as anode elements for Li-ion batteries must be discussed with respect to these different criteria.The graphite is still the most used anode material and is still the reference. The first works giving evidence of the insertion of lithium in graphite date from 1955 [7], confirmed by the synthesis of LiC 6 in 1965 [8]. The synthesis of LiC 6 , however, was not obtained by electrochemical process at that time. Another decade was spent before Besenhard and Eichinger discovered the reversible intercalation of lithium in graphite, proposing this material as an anode in 1976 [9,10]. Increasing the Li content in LiC 6 is possible [8], but no reversible cycling beyond LiC 6 could ever be obtained. The graphite anode can thus be cyc...

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“…The complex effects are the liberation of Si from lithiation process of SiOx which will be the additional source of Sifor higher capacity. Other product from lithiation of SiOx is LiySiOx which has the property to hold the volume expansion of Si [10]. The detail of Si addition will need further investigation to explain this complex effect.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of nano Si addition on synthesized LTO for lithium battery anode

Zulfia

Satria

Priyono

et al. 2018

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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Abstract. Li4Ti5O12 or LTO is one of many compounds that could be used as anode component in lithium battery. The most interesting aspect of using LTO as an anode is its long cycle life which is affected by its zero strain property during insertion and extraction of lithium ions. Despite its advantages, LTO still has problem in its capacity value which is limited to 175 mAh/g. Researchers have tried many methods to increase the capacity of LTO, such as making a composite from LTO host. In this composite, nano sized Si is used as additional element because its high theoretical capacity could increase the overall capacity of the LTO composite. In this research, LTO was synthesized by hydrothermal-mechanochemical methods before we mix it with nano Si in slurry making process. The mass variation of nano Si was 1%, 5%, and 10% in wt. XRD and SEM were used for material characterization. For the battery performance testing we used EIS, CV, and CD. This research will explain the effect of Si on the LTO/Si composite performance. From the testing, it is known that the highest capacity was obtained from LTO/Si-10% sample with 216.15 mAh/g, and able to retain 42.76% of its capacity at higher C-rate (4C). The results show that LTO/Si-10% could be used as an alternative for anode component.

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Stable Cycling of SiO2 Nanotubes as High-Performance Anodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries

Cited by 213 publications

References 52 publications

Quantifying Bulk Electrode Strain and Material Displacement within Lithium Batteries via High‐Speed Operando Tomography and Digital Volume Correlation

Quantifying Bulk Electrode Strain and Material Displacement within Lithium Batteries via High‐Speed Operando Tomography and Digital Volume Correlation

Anodes for Li-Ion Batteries

Effect of nano Si addition on synthesized LTO for lithium battery anode

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