1994
DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.72.4025
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Stable Growth and Kinetic Roughening in Electrochemical Deposition

Abstract: We studied kinetic roughening of copper which was electrodeposited at slow rates. The surfaces showed a unique scaling. In the shorter length regime, the interface width scaled with the length scale L as L (u = 0.87~0.05). In the longer length regime, the width scaled with the deposition time t as t~( P = 0.45~0.05). The value of a + a/P, 2.8, is much larger than 2 predicted for the case where the growing direction is normal to the surface everywhere.The scaling behavior is interpreted as the result of enhance… Show more

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Cited by 86 publications
(56 citation statements)
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“…Furthermore, one can speculate whether some growth experiments, which yield exponents that do not agree with the KPZ exponents, may contain nonlocal growth effects such as, e.g., the experiments on electrochemical deposition reported in Refs. [8,9].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…Furthermore, one can speculate whether some growth experiments, which yield exponents that do not agree with the KPZ exponents, may contain nonlocal growth effects such as, e.g., the experiments on electrochemical deposition reported in Refs. [8,9].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…(a) Diagrammatic representation of the GKE equation (9). (b) The vertex λ which includes integration over (q, Ω).…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Similar trends were observed in nickel hard gold plating onto copper substrate 19 and in other electroplated metal systems. 20 In a connector application, a surface with faceted features results in a substantial increase in the contact resistance, making it an unacceptable candidate for good connectors. Thus, the optimal plating condition must be able to avoid that.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…A high atomic percentage of hydrogen, about 6.9%, 15 has been found in the deposit. The presence of hydrogen in gold deposit is in the form of hydrogen gas trapped in the voids due to the low solubility of hydrogen in the gold lattice.16 From these facts, the hypothesis that the pores are a result of hydrogen bubbles 8 seems reasonable.To elucidate key factors of porosity formation, we conducted a systematic study on deposits from constant current ͑dc͒ and pulse plating [16][17][18][19][20] conditions. We emphasize the impact of morphology and hydrogen evolution rate on porosity.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
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