Stable individual differences in the frequency of chin‐marking behavior across development in the domestic rabbit

Abstract

Individual differences in behavior (“personality”) are of considerable interest to behavioral biologists. Important questions include how early in life such differences emerge, what factors influence their emergence, and whether they remain stable across development and into adult life. Given the demanding nature of longitudinal studies, there is a lack of information regarding these questions in mammals. Our aim in this study was to investigate the development of individual differences in chin‐marking behavior (chinning) in the domestic rabbit, a notable part of this species’ system of chemical communication, and to relate this to individual differences in growth and behavior among littermates during the early postnatal period. We tested repeatedly the frequency of chinning movements from weaning to sexual maturity in 63 chinchilla‐strain rabbits (35 females, 28 males) from 14 litters. Within litters, we found significant consistencies over time in this behavior, that is, in both sexes inter‐individual differences among litter siblings in the frequency of chinning movements remained stable across the postweaning period until sexual maturity. Unexpectedly, however, we found no significant associations with the morphological, physiological, or behavioral variables known to form a well‐correlated early developmental complex in this species. We tentatively conclude that in the rabbit, individual differences in the frequency of chinning have little relation to other previously studied aspects of individual developmental trajectories. The origin and functional significance of individual differences in chinning frequency, whether in reproductive or other social contexts is largely unknown and requires further investigation.

Development of “personality” in the domestic cat: A longitudinal study

“…We present evidence that individual differences in behavior in the domestic cat are present from a very early age, and in the long term become more repeatable across development (cf. Fernández et al., 2022 in rabbits). This is due to a combination of long‐term decreased individual‐level variance (canalization) with respect to among‐individual variance in behavior.…”

“…We predicted that individuals would show consistent individual differences in behavior across development and that these differences would increase, that is consolidate, with age (cf. Fernández et al., 2022 in rabbits).…”