Stable interferometric platform for phase modulation of seeded free-electron lasers

Wituschek, Andreas; Bruder, Lukas; Klein, Lars-Stephan; Strucka, J.; Demidovich, Alexander; Danailov, Miltcho; Stienkemeier, F.

doi:10.1364/ol.44.000943

Cited by 11 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The seed laser consists of a frequency-tripled, amplified Ti:Sapphire laser system providing the following pulse parameters: central wavelength λ = 261 nm, pulse duration ∆t = 100 fs FWHM, repetition rate 50 Hz. The UV pulse pair (E pulse = 5-10 µJ per pulse) is generated in a highly stable Mach-Zehnder interferometer [24]. We control the relative delay τ between the pulses using a pair of movable fused-silica wedges.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The implementation of XUV phase modulation via double-pulse seeding of HGHG has the advantage of avoiding the technical challenge of direct XUV pulse manipulation [23]. Instead, timing and phase properties of the seed pulses can be controlled to high precision acting on the UV pulses on the optical table [16,24]. However, when the two seed pulses begin to overlap temporally, interference leads to nonlinear mixing in the HGHG process, which has an impact on the measured WPI signals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High-gain harmonic generation with temporally overlapping seed pulses and application to ultrafast spectroscopy

et al. 2020

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Collinear double-pulse seeding of the High-Gain Harmonic Generation (HGHG) process in a free-electron laser (FEL) is a promising approach to facilitate various coherent nonlinear spectroscopy schemes in the extreme ultraviolet (XUV) spectral range. However, in collinear arrangements using a single nonlinear medium, temporally overlapping seed pulses may introduce nonlinear mixing signals that compromise the experiment at short time delays. Here, we investigate these effects in detail by extending the analysis described in a recent publication (Wituschek et al., Nat. Commun., 11, 883, 2020). High-order fringe-resolved autocorrelation and wave packet interferometry experiments at photon energies > 23 eV are performed, accompanied by numerical simulations. It turns out that both the autocorrelation and the wave-packet interferometry data are very sensitive to saturation effects and can thus be used to characterize saturation in the HGHG process. Our results further imply that time-resolved spectroscopy experiments are feasible even for time delays smaller than the seed pulse duration.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-gain harmonic generation with temporally overlapping seed pulses and application to ultrafast spectroscopy

et al. 2020

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“…Phase/timing jitter introduced in the optical interferometers appears as correlated noise in the signal and reference and thus cancels out in the lock-in demodulation, resulting in a highly efficient passive phase stabilization of the setup. As such, a phase stabilization better than λ/200 has been achieved in a deep-UV interferometer (λ = 266 nm) [122]. Eventually, the lock-in amplification considerably improves the general sensitivity of the setup.…”

Section: Sigmentioning

confidence: 98%

Coherent multidimensional spectroscopy in the gas phase

Bruder

Bangert

Binz

et al. 2019

J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys.

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Recent work applying multidimentional coherent electronic spectroscopy at dilute samples in the gas phase is reviewed. The development of refined phase-cycling approaches with improved sensitivity has opened-up new opportunities to probe even dilute gas-phase samples. In this context, first results of 2-dimensional spectroscopy performed at doped helium droplets reveal the femtosecond dynamics upon electronic excitation of cold, weakly-bound molecules, and even the induced dynamics from the interaction with the helium environment. Such experiments, offering well-defined conditions at low temperatures, are potentially enabling the isolation of fundamental processes in the excitation and charge transfer dynamics of molecular structures which so far have been masked in complex bulk environments.

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“…The setup was previously introduced in Ref. [23]. The 266 nm pulses are generated by a commercial third-harmonic generation (THG) kit (Eksma Optics).…”

Section: A Experimental Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The phase-modulation technique is a highly sensitive technique to record electronic wave-packet interferences. It was originally developed in the visible regime [20], but extensions to UV wavelengths [21][22][23] and to an XUV FEL have been demonstrated [19]. In a nutshell, the relative phase of the excitation pulses is cycled on a shot-to-shot basis, leading to distinct modulation patterns in the (non)linear response of the system, which are monitored using incoherent 'action'-signals like fluorescence [20] or photoionization yields [24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phase cycling of extreme ultraviolet pulse sequences generated in rare gases

Wituschek,

Kornilov,

Witting

et al. 2020

Preprint

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The development of schemes for coherent nonlinear time-domain spectroscopy in the extremeultraviolet regime (XUV) has so far been impeded by experimental difficulties that arise at these short wavelengths. In this work we present a novel experimental approach, which facilitates the timing control and phase cycling of XUV pulse sequences produced by harmonic generation in rare gases. The method is demonstrated for the generation and high spectral resolution characterization of narrow-bandwidth harmonics (≈14 eV) in argon and krypton. Our technique simultaneously provides high phase stability and a pathway-selective detection scheme for nonlinear signals -both necessary prerequisites for all types of coherent nonlinear spectroscopy.

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Stable interferometric platform for phase modulation of seeded free-electron lasers

Cited by 11 publications

References 24 publications

High-gain harmonic generation with temporally overlapping seed pulses and application to ultrafast spectroscopy

High-gain harmonic generation with temporally overlapping seed pulses and application to ultrafast spectroscopy

Coherent multidimensional spectroscopy in the gas phase

Phase cycling of extreme ultraviolet pulse sequences generated in rare gases

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