Stable Isotope Chemistry and Measurement: A Primer

Sulzman, Elizabeth W.

doi:10.1002/9780470691854.ch1

Cited by 68 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…where R sample is the heavy to the light isotope ( 34 S/ 32 S or 18 O/ 16 O) measured for the sample, and R standard is the equivalent ratio for the standard (Sulzman 2007 …”

Section: Hydrogeochemical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Generation of Acid Mine Lakes Associated with Abandoned Coal Mines in Northwest Turkey

Yücel

Balcı

Baba

2016

Arch Environ Contam Toxicol

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A total of five acid mine lakes (AMLs) located in northwest Turkey were investigated using combined isotope, molecular, and geochemical techniques to identify geochemical processes controlling and promoting acid formation. All of the investigated lakes showed typical characteristics of an AML with low pH (2.59-3.79) and high electrical conductivity values (1040-6430 lS/cm), in addition to high sulfate (594-5370 mg/l) and metal (aluminum [Al], iron [Fe], manganese [Mn], nickel [Ni], and zinc [Zn]) concentrations. Geochemical and isotope results showed that the acid-generation mechanism and source of sulfate in the lakes can change and depends on the age of the lakes. In the relatively older lakes (AMLs 1 through 3), biogeochemical Fe cycles seem to be the dominant process controlling metal concentration and pH of the water unlike in the younger lakes (AMLs 4 and 5). Bacterial species determined in an older lake (AML 2) indicate that biological oxidation and reduction of Fe and S are the dominant processes in the lakes. Furthermore, O and S isotopes of sulfate indicate that sulfate in the older mine lakes may be a product of much more complex oxidation/dissolution reactions. However, the major source of sulfate in the younger mine lakes is in situ pyrite oxidation catalyzed by Fe(III) produced by way of oxidation of Fe(II). Consistent with this, insignificant fractionation between d 34 S SO 4 and d 34 S FeS 2 values indicated that the oxidation of pyrite, along with dissolution and precipitation reactions of Fe(III) minerals, is the main reason for acid formation in the region. Overall, the results showed that acid generation during early stage formation of an AML associated with pyrite-rich mine waste is primarily controlled by the oxidation of pyrite with Fe cycles becoming the dominant processes regulating pH and metal cycles in the later stages of mine lake development.Acidic and highly metal-loaded effluents (acid mine drainage [AMD]) resulting from the exposure of pyrite and other metal sulfide minerals to weathering conditions are the principal environmental problems faced by the mining industry today (Dold and Spangerberg 2005).The formation mechanisms of AMD (e.g., oxidation of pyrite and other sulfide minerals) has been extensively studied

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“…where R sample is the heavy to the light isotope ( 34 S/ 32 S or 18 O/ 16 O) measured for the sample, and R standard is the equivalent ratio for the standard (Sulzman 2007 …”

Section: Hydrogeochemical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Generation of Acid Mine Lakes Associated with Abandoned Coal Mines in Northwest Turkey

Yücel

Balcı

Baba

2016

Arch Environ Contam Toxicol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Stable nitrogen isotopes are 14 N (lighter elements) and 15 N (the heavier nitrogen isotopes) with an abundance of 99.635 % and only 0.365%, respectively [8]. The nitrogen isotope ratios ( 15 N/ 14 N; δ 15 N) of animals become enriched in 15 N relative to their food with top predators having the highest concentration of this stable isotopes [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Isotopes are atoms of a common element that share the same number of protons and electrons, but differ in number of neutrons [8]. Differences in the number of neutron create different atomic masses, which can be measured with an isotope ratio mass spectrometer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…13 C is the heavier isotopes and 12 C is the lighter isotopes based on the periodic table of the stable isotopes [8]. Heavy stable isotopes are rare and comprise a small percentage of total natural abundance for a given element, but are useful as tracers of ecological processes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This isotopic separation between consumer tissue and diet is known as a discrimination or fractionation factor [8]. Stable isotope values reflect an integrated diet over a time scale determined by the metabolic activity of the tissue and organism analyzed [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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