Stable-isotope chemostratigraphy as a tool to correlate complex Mississippian marine carbonate facies of the Anadarko shelf, Oklahoma and Kansas

Koch, Jesse T.; Frank, Tracy D.; Bulling, Thomas P.

doi:10.1306/10031313070

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…Correlations between the d 13 C value of inorganic and OM is usually taken to indicate a d 13 C signal unaltered by diagenesis, and therefore one which reflects perturbations in the global carbon cycle (Bachan et al, 2012). Many detailed d 13 C records have been measured, principally in bulk carbonate rocks, and these have been correlated globally for large portions of the Phanerozoic and Proterozoic rock record (Kennedy, 1996;McKirdy et al, 2001;Saltzman et al, 2004;Koch et al, 2014). Although the best samples for determining global changes in the carbon cycle are pelagic carbonates such as foraminifera, or even bulk oceanic sediments, these are not available for time periods older than the Cretaceous-Jurassic when records from carbonate platforms or epeiric seas have to be used.…”

Section: Carbon Isotopesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The geochemistry of carbonate diagenesis: The past, present and future

2015

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Stable carbon and oxygen isotopes ( 18 O and  13 C values) and trace elements have been applied to the study of diagenesis of carbonate rocks for over 50 years. As valuable as these insights have been, many problems regarding the interpretation of geochemical signals within mature rocks remain. For example, while the  18 O values of carbonate rocks are dependent both upon the temperature and the  18 O value of the fluid and additional information, including trace element composition aids in interpreting such signals, direct evidence of either the temperature or the composition of the fluids is required. Such information can be obtained This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.by analyzing the  18 O value of any fluid inclusions or by measuring the temperature using a method such as the 'clumped' isotope technique. Such data speak directly to a large number of problems in interpreting the oxygen isotope record including the well-known tendency for  18 O values of carbonate rocks to decrease with increasing age. Unlike the  18 O,  13 C values of carbonates are considered to be less influenced by diagenesis and more a reflection of primary changes in the global carbon cycle through time. However, many studies have not sufficiently emphasized the effects of diagenesis and other post-depositional influences on the eventual carbon isotopic composition of the rock with the classic paradigm that the present is the key to the past being frequently ignored. Finally, many additional proxies are poised to contribute to the interpretation of carbonate diagenesis. Although the study of carbonate diagenesis is at an exciting point with an explosion of new proxies and methods, care should be taken to understand both old and new proxies before applying them to the ancient record.

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Section: Carbon Isotopesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The geochemistry of carbonate diagenesis: The past, present and future

2015

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“…Therefore, this multi‐proxy evaluation of the largest Phanerozoic positive excursion in bulk carbonate δ 13 C values provides support for the interpretation that the large positive shift in carbonate δ 13 C values in the Early Mississippian reflected a perturbation to the global carbon cycle, rather than a local or diagenetic effect. As previously described, the change in bulk carbonate δ 13 C values occurs simultaneously worldwide; in each of the outcrops in the western US (Mii et al ., ; Gill et al ., ; Katz et al ., ; Koch et al ., ) to the Dinant Basin (Belgium; Saltzman et al ., ) and the Ural Mountains (Saltzman et al ., ). This worldwide perturbation requires a global driver that probably affected the atmospheric reservoir of CO 2 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Madison Limestone was deposited within 0 to 10°N of the palaeoequator and had an extent of more than 640 000 km 2 (Maughan, 1983;Scotese & McKerrow, 1990;Katz et al, 2007). Outcrops occur in Montana, Wyoming and Nevada (Sando, 1985;Katz et al, 2007;Buoniconti, 2008), and regional equivalents have also been mapped in the mid-continent, in Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, Missouri, Oklahoma and Texas (Mii et al, 1999), as well as in drill cores from Kansas, Nebraska, Iowa, Missouri and Oklahoma (Mii et al, 1999;Koch et al, 2014). The Madison shelf was bounded by the Transcontinental Arch to the east, and deepened to the west into the Antler Trough and into the Montana Trough and Williston Basin to the north (Sando, 1977(Sando, , 1985Gutschick et al, 1980;Maughan, 1983;Smith et al, 2004;Buoniconti, 2008).…”

Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based upon published studies of age equivalent sections, the excursion in bulk carbonate d 13 C values in the Madison Formation is likely to be an original record of contemporaneous marine DIC, rather than local or diagenetic effects, because it is observed globally (Bruckschen et al, 1999;Mii et al, 1999;Saltzman, 2002Saltzman, , 2003Saltzman et al, 2004;Gill et al, 2007;Koch et al, 2014) and the change occurs independently of facies (Katz, 2008). Furthermore, analysis of both calcite and dolomite minerals in the deposit show the same trends (Katz et al, 2007) suggesting that the shift in bulk d 13 C values in marine carbonates was not driven by diagenesis.…”

Section: Carbonate D 13 C Values Record a Global Change In The Lower mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In light of these observations, this study aims to evaluate the tipping point, where the overarching control on carbon isotope covariance may switch from local environmental factors to global carbon cycle dynamics, by investigating one of the largest positive excursions in carbonate δ 13 C values during the Phanerozoic. This change is recorded in lowermost Carboniferous (Lower Mississippian) carbonates from the Ural Mountains (Saltzman et al ., ), the Dinant Basin in Belgium (Saltzman et al ., ) and multiple locations in the western United States (Bruckschen et al ., ; Mii et al ., ; Saltzman, , ; Gill et al ., ; Koch et al ., ), including the transect of four outcrops studied here (Fig. ; Katz et al ., ), each of which record peak carbonate δ 13 C values ≥+7‰ in the western US (Saltzman et al ., ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multi‐proxy constraints on the significance of covariant δ¹³C values in carbonate and organic carbon during the early Mississippian

et al. 2018

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This study investigates the covariation between carbonate and organic δ13C values in a proximal to distal transect of four outcrops in the Madison Limestone in the Western United States Rockies, combined with δ34S values of carbonate associated sulphate, the concentration of acid‐insoluble material and measurements of total organic carbon. These new geochemical datasets not only allow for an evaluation of carbon isotope covariance during one of the largest perturbations to the global carbon cycle over the past 550 Myr, but also constrain the cause of the excursion in carbonate δ13C values. The results support the hypothesis that a period of anoxia did not play a role in generating the positive carbonate δ13C values, but rather favour interpretations by previous workers that the proliferation of land plants destabilized the Carboniferous carbon cycle, setting the stage for a significant change in the carbonate δ13C values of contemporaneous marine carbonates. These results also demonstrate that one of the largest perturbations to the global carbon cycle did not produce synchronous variations in carbonate and organic δ13C values, emphasizing the importance of local depositional controls on carbon isotope covariance in the geological record in both modern and ancient environments.

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Glacioeustasy, meteoric diagenesis, and the carbon cycle during the Middle Carboniferous

Dyer

Maloof

Higgins

2015

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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Middle Carboniferous carbonates in the western U.S. have undergone Pleistocene Bahamasstyle meteoric diagenesis that may be associated with expanding late Paleozoic ice sheets. Fourteen stratigraphic sections from carbonate platforms illustrate the regional distribution and variable intensity of physical and chemical diagenesis just below the Middle Carboniferous unconformity. These sections contain topnegative carbon isotope excursions that terminate in regional exposure surfaces that are associated with some combination of karst towers, desiccation cracks, fabric destructive recrystallization, or extensive root systems. The timing of the diagenesis is synchronous with similarly scaled top-negative carbon isotope excursions observed by others in England, Kazakhstan, and China. The mass flux of negative carbon required to generate similar isotopic profiles across the areal extent of Middle Carboniferous platform carbonates is a significant component of the global carbon cycle. We present a simple carbon box model to illustrate that the d 13 C of dissolved inorganic carbon in the ocean could be elevated by 1.4& as isotopically light carbon from the weathering of terrestrial organic matter reacts with exposed platforms before reaching the ocean and atmosphere. These results represent an improvement on global biogeochemical models that have struggled to provide a congruent solution to the high d 13 C of the late Paleozoic icehouse.

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Stable-isotope chemostratigraphy as a tool to correlate complex Mississippian marine carbonate facies of the Anadarko shelf, Oklahoma and Kansas

Cited by 10 publications

References 32 publications

The geochemistry of carbonate diagenesis: The past, present and future

The geochemistry of carbonate diagenesis: The past, present and future

Multi‐proxy constraints on the significance of covariant δ¹³C values in carbonate and organic carbon during the early Mississippian

Glacioeustasy, meteoric diagenesis, and the carbon cycle during the Middle Carboniferous

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Stable-isotope chemostratigraphy as a tool to correlate complex Mississippian marine carbonate facies of the Anadarko shelf, Oklahoma and Kansas

Cited by 10 publications

References 32 publications

The geochemistry of carbonate diagenesis: The past, present and future

The geochemistry of carbonate diagenesis: The past, present and future

Multi‐proxy constraints on the significance of covariant δ13C values in carbonate and organic carbon during the early Mississippian

Glacioeustasy, meteoric diagenesis, and the carbon cycle during the Middle Carboniferous

Contact Info

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Multi‐proxy constraints on the significance of covariant δ¹³C values in carbonate and organic carbon during the early Mississippian