Stable Isotope Ecology

Fry, Brian

doi:10.1007/0-387-33745-8

Cited by 1,886 publications

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“…Rstandard where R is the 15N/14N or 13C/ 12 e. The reference materials used were secondary standards (meal) of known relation to the international standards, PeeDee Belemnite for carbon and atmospheric nitrogen for nitrogen (Fry, 2006).…”

Section: Isotope and Elementary Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Source 1 = terrestrial plants, source 2 = phytoplankton of Lake Constance. In this model, the fraction of allochthonous and authocthonous POMsed was calculated according to the formula (Fry, 2006 For this approach, it was assumed that differences observed between signatures of POMsed were exclusively due to supply of allochthonous organic carbon at the sampling sites.…”

Section: Mixing Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Allochthonous contribution to seasonal and spatial variability of organic matter sedimentation in a deep oligotrophic lake (Lake Constance)

Fuentes¹,

Güde²,

Wessels³

et al. 2013

Limnologica

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Section: Isotope and Elementary Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mixing Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Allochthonous contribution to seasonal and spatial variability of organic matter sedimentation in a deep oligotrophic lake (Lake Constance)

Fuentes¹,

Güde²,

Wessels³

et al. 2013

Limnologica

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“…Pelagic phytoplankton are surrounded by excess CO2 and therefore can discriminate against the slightly heavier stable C isotope ( 13 C) unlike benthic algae that grow on the lake bottom where boundary layers induce more C limitation . Consequently, the pelagic (phytoplankton) and littoral (benthic algae) primary producers usually have distinct stable C isotope ratios ( 13 C: 12 C, denoted as ǅ 13 C; see Fry 2006), which are further reflected to higher consumers, including the pelagic zooplankton and planktivorous fish and the littoral benthic macroinvertebrates and benthivorous fish ( Fig. 1 and 2).…”

Section: Food Webs In Lakesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We extended the study of by analysing stable carbon (d 13 C) and nitrogen (d 15 N) isotope ratios from fish muscle tissue to trace the long-term niche use of the three species. The stomach contents reveal the recently ingested prey items, whereas the carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios reflect the assimilated food sources and the trophic position of fish over several months (Fry 2006;. By combining these methods and data collected from one relatively deep (Z max = 52 m) and two shallower lakes (Z max = 12 and 17 m), we were able to explore the temporal and spatial stability of the possible resource partitioning between the three fish species.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal and ontogenetic shifts in the diet of Arctic charr Salvelinus alpinus in a subarctic lake

Eloranta

Kahilainen

Jones

2010

Journal of Fish Biology

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Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus (L.)) is a cold-adapted salmonid fish with a wide circumpolar distribution. Due to its wide fundamental trophic niche (i.e. diet and habitat use), Arctic charr can be used to study energy flow as well as competitive and predator-prey interactions in subarctic lakes. The objective of this thesis was to evaluate how the trophic niche of Arctic charr in subarctic lakes is influenced by various biotic (e.g. intra-and interspecific resource competition and predation) and abiotic (e.g. seasonality and lake morphometry) factors. Stomach contents and stable isotope analyses indicated marked between-lake and between-individual differences in Arctic charr diet and habitat use. In Saanajärvi, Arctic charr relied mainly on littoral production regardless of season or individual size, probably due to high primary production and lack of sympatric fish species in the littoral zone. In contrast, Arctic charr showed a reduced littoral reliance when the littoral trophic niche was dominated by brown trout, and an increased prevalence of piscivorous foraging when coexisting with planktivorous whitefish and benthivorous grayling. The final results from a total of 17 subarctic lakes indicated that Arctic charr shifted from littoral to a more pelagic trophic niche with increasing lake area and fish species richness. The shift of Arctic charr to a more pelagic piscivorous niche in large lakes was evidently promoted by the existence of small, planktivorous prey fish species and increased interspecific resource competition and/or predation in the littoral zone. The results demonstrate that littoral and pelagic food-web compartments in subarctic lakes can be integrated by generalist Arctic charr, but the energy flow pathways supporting this top consumer can be strongly influenced by prevailing intra-and interspecific interactions as well as by the morphometric characteristics of the lakes. The findings highlight that a comprehensive view of food-web structures is fundamental for predicting the likely responses of fish communities and subarctic lake ecosystems to potential environmental changes. Keywords: Energy flow; individual specialization; lake morphometry; littoral production; resource competition; stable isotope analysis; trophic niche. LIST OF ORIGINAL PUBLICATIONSThe thesis is based on the following original articles, which will be referred to in the text by their Roman numerals I-IV. I did most of the planning for each study and contributed to field work in I, III and IV, and to laboratory analyses in all the studies. I was responsible for the data analysis and wrote the first draft of all the papers. All co-authors made a significant contribution to planning and preparation of the final papers. IV Eloranta A.P., Kahilainen K.K., Amundsen P.-A., Knudsen R., Harrod C. & Jones R.I. 2013. Lake size and fish species richness determine resource use by top consumers in subarctic lakes. Manuscript. INTRODUCTION Food webs in lakesLakes are complex ecosystems, whose functioning is tightly connecte...

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“…Isotopic data of a consumer and its potential prey are empirical measurements that track the flow of matter within a physical system. The relationship between isotopic data and trophic interactions has been well established in many ecosystems [85,128,60,84]. On the other hand, the relationship between prey availability and diet choice is still not well understood [1], need not be system-specific [77], and may di↵er across prey, even for the same predator [77].…”

Section: Incorporating Biological Informationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dedication. Acknowledgments

2011

The Acquisition of German

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xvii Dedication xixAcknowledgments xx . See panel C. for a scenario where one prey is preferred over another. C. A tri-trophic system, where a top-predator consumes a meso-predator, which in turn consumes two prey. The sizes of the nodes denote relative abundance, and the thickness of the arrows denote the magnitude of the biomass flow. The top-predator in the leftmost network is relatively abundant, depressing the meso-predator population, thereby limiting the meso-predator's e↵ect on the two prey populations. The two rightmost networks (boxed) have reduced top-predator populations. In both cases, the meso-predator has greater abundance due to decreased predation pressure. However, in one scenario, both prey are preferred equally, resulting in apparent competition dynamics. In the second scenario, one prey is preferred over another, resulting in an asymmetric cascade. Such preferences could result from specific anatomical constraints of the meso-predator, a scenario explored in Chapter 4. C 1 and C 2 , and 4 prey: r 1 r 4 ) is represented by both pairwise interaction distributions for each link, and a network-level interaction distribution for the system. Link thickness represents the median link-strength, shown with the vertical bar in each pairwise interaction distribution. B-C. Both model food-webs X and Y have link-strengths drawn from the NLID. In model food-web X, the weights are distributed similar to the median weights of the empirical web (i.e. equivalent structure), but they are distributed di↵erently among nodes (i.e. alternative interactions). In model Y , the weight structure is di↵erent than that of the empirical web (i.e. alternative structure), and necessarily, the distribution of weights among nodes di↵ers as well (i.e. alternative interactions). Dotted nodes indicate those with link-strengths that di↵er from the median link-strengths of the empirical food-web. D-F. Given a single niche axis based on a continuous resource trait (e.g. body size) where prey are ranked from r 1 to r 4 , distributions of resource use are shown for the two consumers. Representations of dietary overlap illustrate higher similarity in diet between predators of the empirical system and model X, whereas the consumers in model Y have little dietary overlap, despite sharing the same NLID. 5 A-C. Sensitivity analyses of the Saskatchewan, Amboseli, and Lake Naivasha food-web ensembles, respectively. Similarity values for each cuto↵ (s i ) for Model 2 are on the y-axis, and the x-axis ranges from a lower standard deviation (SD) than the empirical SD to a higher SD (such that the empirical SD is central to the range; stippled vertical line). The colored data points represent the median similarity indices for each cuto↵ value (legend), while the top and bottom whiskers denote the 25 th and 75 th percentiles, respectively. The underlined values mark the standard deviation corresponding to the highest average similarity across cuto↵ values. For all systems, the highest average similarity is close to or exactly matches ...

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Stable Isotope Ecology

Cited by 1,886 publications

References 0 publications

Allochthonous contribution to seasonal and spatial variability of organic matter sedimentation in a deep oligotrophic lake (Lake Constance)

Allochthonous contribution to seasonal and spatial variability of organic matter sedimentation in a deep oligotrophic lake (Lake Constance)

Seasonal and ontogenetic shifts in the diet of Arctic charr Salvelinus alpinus in a subarctic lake

Dedication. Acknowledgments

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