Stable Isotope Identification of Lead Sources in Preschool Children – The Omaha Study

Angle, Carol R.; Manton, W. I.; Stanek, K.

doi:10.3109/15563659509010624

Cited by 40 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…That is, the absorption away from home, and potentially a greater argument also fails to explain the cases in rate is around 10-15% rather than 40-50%. intake of lead from dust/dirt with the which the diet shows an increase in both Our interpretations are supported by data of Australian isotopic composition compared intake and isotopic composition, such as for Angle et al (33) in which they suggested that with adult women; 2) the children are subjects 2015 (Fig. 9) …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Dietary lead intakes for mother/child pairs and relevance to pharmacokinetic models.

Gulson

Mahaffey

Vidal

et al. 1997

Environ Health Perspect

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Blood and environmental samples, including a quarterly 6-day duplicate diet, for nine mother/child pairs between the mothers and their children i overall contribution of tissue lead to blood lead. Results from this study sugst that fractioxia absorption of ingested lead by child 6-11 years of age is cmpable with absorption patterns observed among adult females in the 29-37-year-old age rang. Because p kinetic models apply a 40-50% absorpion even for 7-year-old children, firther iniions on fractional absotption of ingested lead by young children are warnted. Further investigaons aree ally needed in younger children than those who were subjects in the current study, particuarl idren in the 1-3-year-old age range. In addition, the effect of nutritional status and patterin of food intake on children's lead absrpton requaire inestigdton, par ly the increased prevalence of marginal nutrtional status among low-income populations that are at increased risk of elevated blood lead levels.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Dietary lead intakes for mother/child pairs and relevance to pharmacokinetic models.

Gulson

Mahaffey

Vidal

et al. 1997

Environ Health Perspect

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“…Because of the operational and social difficulties associated with collecting the required number of venous blood samples from all the newborn infants, urine samples were also collected at 10, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 days into pediatric urine collectors and transferred into precleaned polyethylene botdes. Angle et al (12) and Gulson et al (13) have shown that the isotopic compositions of urine generally conform well with those for blood with correlations of better than 0.9.…”

Section: Samplingmentioning

confidence: 96%

Relationships of Lead in Breast Milk to Lead in Blood, Urine, and Diet of the Infant and Mother

Gulson¹,

Jameson²,

Mahaffey³

et al. 1998

Environmental Health Perspectives

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We have obtained stable lead isotope and lead concentmtion data from a longitudinal study of mobilization oflead from the maternal skeleton during pregnancy and lactation and in which the newly born infants were monitored for 6 months postpartum to evaluate the effects of the local environment on lead body burden of the infant. Samples of maternal and infant blood, urine, and diet and especially breast milk were measured for 21 mothers and 24 infants. Blood lead concentrations were less than 5 pg/dl in all except one subject. The mean lead concentration in breast milk ± standard deviation was 0.73 ± 0.70 p/kg. In seven subjects for whom serial breast milk sampling was possible, the lead concentration varied by factors of from 2 to 4, and for three subjects there was an increase at or after 90 days postpartum. For the first 60-90 days postpar-tum, the contribution from breast milk to blood lead in the infnts varied from 36 to 80%. Multiple linear regression analyses indicated statistically significant relationships for some of the variables ofisotope ratios and lead concentrations between breast milk blood, urine, and diet for infants and mothers. For example, the analyses revealed that both a mother's breast milk 207Pb/206Pb and 206Pb/204Pb ratios and lead concentration provide information to predict her infant's blood 207Pb/206Pb and 206Pb/204Pb ratios. The major sources of lead in breast milk are from the maternal bone and diet. An evaluation of breast milk lead concentrations published over the last 15 years indicates that studies in which the ratio of lead concentrations in breast milk to lead concentrations in whole maternal blood (x100) were greater than 15 should be viewed with caution because of potential contamination during sampling and/or laboratory analyses. Selected studies also appear to show a linear relationship between breast milk and maternal whole blood, with the percentage of lead in breast milk compared with whole blood of <3% in subjects with blood lead levels anging from 2 to 34 p/di. The levels of lead in breast milk are thus similar to those in plasma. Breast-fed infants are only at risk if the mother is exposed to high concentrations of contaminants either from endogenous sources such as the skeleton or exogenous sources.

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“…Hunt et al (77) and Adgate and colleagues (140,141) were among the first groups to attempt multiple source signature Review • Lioy et al identification and differentiation (142). In the case of Hunt et al (77) and Adgate et al (140), the analyses were done for lead present in residential carpets and other surfaces, respectively.…”

Section: Assessment Of Data Obtained From Residential Dustmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dust: a metric for use in residential and building exposure assessment and source characterization.

Lioy

Freeman

Millette

2002

Environ Health Perspect

253

173

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In this review, we examine house dust and residential soil and their use for identifying sources and the quantifying levels of toxicants for the estimation of exposure. We answer critical questions that focus on the selection of samples or sampling strategies for collection and discuss areas of uncertainty and gaps in knowledge. We discuss the evolution of dust sampling with a special emphasis on work conducted after the publication of the 1992 review by McArthur [Appl Occup Environ Hyg 7(9):599-606 (1992)]. The approaches to sampling dust examined include surface wipe sampling, vacuum sampling, and other sampling approaches, including attic sampling. The metrics of presentation of results for toxicants in dust surface loading (micrograms per square centimeter) or surface concentration (micrograms per gram) are discussed. We evaluate these metrics in terms of how the information can be used in source characterization and in exposure characterization. We discuss the types of companion information on source use and household or personal activity patterns required to assess the significance of the dust exposure. The status and needs for wipe samplers, surface samplers, and vacuum samplers are summarized with some discussion on the strengths and weaknesses of each type of sampler. We also discuss needs for research and development and the current status of standardization. Case studies are provided to illustrate the use of house dust and residential soil in source characterization, forensic analyses, or human exposure assessment.

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Stable Isotope Identification of Lead Sources in Preschool Children – The Omaha Study

Cited by 40 publications

References 3 publications

Dietary lead intakes for mother/child pairs and relevance to pharmacokinetic models.

Dietary lead intakes for mother/child pairs and relevance to pharmacokinetic models.

Relationships of Lead in Breast Milk to Lead in Blood, Urine, and Diet of the Infant and Mother

Dust: a metric for use in residential and building exposure assessment and source characterization.

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